School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: national and local experiences.

Simon Cauchemez (1, 2) , Maria van Kerkhove (1) , Brett Archer (3) , Martin Cetron (4) , Benjamin Cowling (5) , Peter Grove (6) , Darren Hunt (7) , Mira Kojouharova (8) , Predrag Kon (9) , Kumnuan Ungchusak (10) , Hitoshi Oshitani (11) , Andrea Pugliese (12) , Caterina Rizzo (13) , Guillaume Saour (14) , Tomimase Sunagawa (15) , Amra Uzicanin (4) , Claude Wachtel (16) , Isaac Weisfuse (17) , Hongjie Yu (18) , Angus Nicoll (19)

1 DIDE - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [London]
2 Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses
3 National Health Laboratory Service
4 Global Migration and Quarantine
5 School of Public Health
6 Department of Health
7 Office of the Director of Public Health
8 National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
9 Center for Disease Control and Prevention
10 Department of Disease Control
11 Department of Virology
12 Department of mathematics/Dipartimento di Matematica [Univ. Trento]
13 National Center for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion
14 Ministère de l'intérieur
15 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center
16 Secretariat général de la défense et de la sécurite nationale - Prime minister Office
17 Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
18 Division for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention
19 Influenza coordination

BACKGROUND: School closure is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that was considered in many national pandemic plans developed prior to the start of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, and received considerable attention during the event. Here, we retrospectively review and compare national and local experiences with school closures in several countries during the A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Our intention is not to make a systematic review of country experiences; rather, it is to present the diversity of school closure experiences and provide examples from national and local perspectives. METHODS: Data were gathered during and following a meeting, organized by the European Centres for Disease Control, on school closures held in October 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden. A standard data collection form was developed and sent to all participants. The twelve participating countries and administrative regions (Bulgaria, China, France, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Serbia, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States) provided data. RESULTS: Our review highlights the very diverse national and local experiences on school closures during the A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. The processes including who was in charge of making recommendations and who was in charge of making the decision to close, the school-based control strategies, the extent of school closures, the public health tradition of responses and expectations on school closure varied greatly between countries. Our review also discusses the many challenges associated with the implementation of this intervention and makes recommendations for further practical work in this area. CONCLUSIONS: The single most important factor to explain differences observed between countries may have been the different public health practises and public expectations concerning school closures and influenza in the selected countries.

Domains: Infectious diseases

Simon Cauchemez, Maria van Kerkhove, Brett Archer, Martin Cetron, Benjamin Cowling, et al.. School closures during the 2009 influenza pandemic: national and local experiences.. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014, 14 (1), pp.207. ⟨10.1186/1471-2334-14-207⟩. ⟨pasteur-00982133⟩