The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC [Comment]

Ali Abbas (1, 2) , Sheryl Ann Abdukahil , Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir , Ryuzo Abe , Laurent Abel (3, 4) , Lara Absil , Subhash Acharya , Andrew Acker (5) , Shingo Adachi , Elisabeth Adam , Diana Adrião , Saleh Al Ageel , Shakeel Ahmed (6, 7) , Quratul Ain (8) , Kate Ainscough , Tharwat Aisa , Ali Ait Hssain (9) , Younes Ait Tamlihat , Takako Akimoto , Ernita Akmal , Eman Al Qasim , Razi Alalqam , Tanvir Alam , Tala Al-Dabbous , Senthilkumar Alegesan , Cynthia Alegre , Marta Alessi , Beatrice Alex , Kévin Alexandre , Abdulrahman Al-Fares , Huda Alfoudri , Imran Ali , Naseem Ali Shah , Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou , Jeffrey Aliudin , Qabas Alkhafajee , Clotilde Allavena , Nathalie Allou , Aneela Altaf , João Alves , João Melo Alves , Rita Alves , Maria Amaral , Nur Amira , Heidi Ammerlaan , Phoebe Ampaw , Roberto Andini , Claire Andrejak , Andrea Angheben , François Angoulvant , Séverine Ansart , Sivanesen Anthonidass , Massimo Antonelli , Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito , Kazi Rubayet Anwar , Ardiyan Apriyana , Yaseen Arabi , Irene Aragao , Rajeshwari Arali , Francisco Arancibia , Carolline Araujo , Antonio Arcadipane , Patrick Archambault , Lukas Arenz , Jean-Benoît Arlet , Christel Arnold-Day , Ana Aroca , Lovkesh Arora , Rakesh Arora , Elise Artaud-Macari , Diptesh Aryal , Motohiro Asaki , Angel Asensio , Elizabeth Ashley , Muhammad Ashraf , Sheharyar Ashraf , Mohammad Asim , Jean Baptiste Assie , Amirul Asyraf , Anika Atique , Am Udara Lakshan Attanyake , Johann Auchabie , Hugues Aumaitre , Adrien Auvet , Laurène Azemar , Cecile Azoulay , Benjamin Bach , Delphine Bachelet , Claudine Badr , Nadia Baig , J. Kenneth Baillie , J Kevin Baird , Erica Bak , Agamemnon Bakakos , Nazreen Abu Bakar , Andriy Bal , Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan , Valeria Balan , Firouzé Bani-Sadr , Renata Barbalho , Nicholas Yuri Barbosa , Wendy Barclay , Saef Umar Barnett , Michaela Barnikel , Helena Barrasa , Audrey Barrelet , Cleide Barrigoto , Marie Bartoli , Cheryl Bartone , Joaquín Baruch , Mustehan Bashir , Romain Basmaci , Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri , Diego Bastos , Denise Battaglini , Jules Bauer , Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon , Denisse Bazan Dow , Alexandra Bedossa , Ker Hong Bee , Sylvie Behilill , Albertus Beishuizen , Aleksandr Beljantsev , David Bellemare , Anna Beltrame , Beatriz Amorim Beltrão , Marine Beluze , Nicolas Benech , Lionel Eric Benjiman , Dehbia Benkerrou , Suzanne Bennett , Luís Bento , Jan-Erik Berdal , Delphine Bergeaud , Hazel Bergin , José Luis Bernal Sobrino , Giulia Bertoli , Lorenzo Bertolino , Simon Bessis , Adam Betz , Sybille Bevilcaqua , Karine Bezulier , Amar Bhatt , Krishna Bhavsar , Isabella Bianchi , Claudia Bianco , Farah Nadiah Bidin , Moirangthem Bikram Singh , Felwa Bin Humaid , Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin , François Bissuel , Patrick Biston , Laurent Bitker , Pablo Blanco-Schweizer , Catherine Blier , Frank Bloos , Mathieu Blot , Lucille Blumberg , Filomena Boccia , Laetitia Bodenes , Alice Bogaarts , Debby Bogaert , Anne-Hélène Boivin , Pierre-Adrien Bolze , François Bompart , Aurelius Bonfasius , Diogo Borges , Raphaël Borie , Hans Martin Bosse , Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers , Lila Bouadma , Olivier Bouchaud , Sabelline Bouchez , Dounia Bouhmani , Damien Bouhour , Kévin Bouiller , Laurence Bouillet , Camile Bouisse , Anne-Sophie Boureau , John Bourke , Maude Bouscambert , Aurore Bousquet , Jason Bouziotis , Bianca Boxma , Marielle Boyer-Besseyre , Maria Boylan , Fernando Augusto Bozza , Matthew Brack , Axelle Braconnier , Cynthia Braga , Timo Brandenburger , Filipa Brás Monteiro , Luca Brazzi , Dorothy Breen , Patrick Breen , Patrick Breen , Stephen Brett , Kathy Brickell , Tessa Broadley , Alex Browne , Shaunagh Browne , Nicolas Brozzi , Marjolein Brusse-Keizer , Nina Buchtele , Christian Buesaquillo , Polina Bugaeva , Marielle Buisson , Erlina Burhan , Aidan Burrell , Ingrid Bustos , Denis Butnaru , André Cabie , Susana Cabral , Eder Caceres , Cyril Cadoz , Mia Callahan , Kate Calligy , Jose Andres Calvache , João Cam , Valentine Campana , Paul Campbell , Josie Campisi , Cecilia Canepa , Mireia Cantero , Pauline Caraux-Paz , Sheila Cárcel , Chiara Simona Cardellino , Filipa Cardoso , Filipe Cardoso , Nelson Cardoso , Sofia Cardoso , Simone Carelli , Nicolas Carlier , Thierry Carmoi , Gayle Carney , Chloe Carpenter , Inês Carqueja , Marie-Christine Carret , François Martin Carrier , Ida Carroll , Gail Carson , Ed Carton , Maire-Laure Casanova , Mariana Cascão , Siobhan Casey , José Casimiro , Bailey Cassandra , Silvia Castañeda , Nidyanara Castanheira , Guylaine Castor-Alexandre , Henry Castrillón , Ivo Castro , Ana Catarino , François-Xavier Catherine , Paolo Cattaneo , Roberta Cavalin , Giulio Giovanni Cavalli , Alexandros Cavayas , Adrian Ceccato , Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez , Anissa Chair , Catherine Chakveatze , Adrienne Chan , Meera Chand , Christelle Chantalat Auger , Jean-Marc Chapplain , Julie Chas , Mobin Chaudary , Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez , Anjellica Chen , Yih-Sharng Chen , Matthew Pellan Cheng , Antoine Cheret , Thibault Chiarabini , Julian Chica , Suresh Kumar Chidambaram , Leong Chin-Tho , Catherine Chirouze , Davide Chiumello , Hwa Jin Cho , Sung-Min Cho , Bernard Cholley , Marie-Charlotte Chopin , Ting Soo Chow , Yock Ping Chow , Hiu Jian Chua , Jonathan Chua , Jose Pedro Cidade , José Miguel Cisneros Herreros , Barbara Wanjiru Citarella , Anna Ciullo , Emma Clarke , Jennifer Clarke , Rolando Claure del Granado , Sara Clohisey , J. Perren Cobb , Necsoi Coca , Cassidy Codan , Caitriona Cody , Alexandra Coelho , Megan Coles , Gwenhaël Colin , Michael Collins , Sebastiano Maria Colombo , Pamela Combs , Jennifer Connolly , Marie Connor , Anne Conrad , Sofía Contreras , Elaine Conway , Graham Cooke , Mary Copland , Hugues Cordel , Amanda Corley , Sarah Cormican , Sabine Cornelis , Alexander Daniel Cornet , Arianne Joy Corpuz , Andrea Cortegiani , Grégory Corvaisier , Emma Costigan , Camille Couffignal , Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues , Roxane Courtois , Stéphanie Cousse , Rachel Cregan , Charles Crepy d'Orleans , Sabine Croonen , Gloria Crowl , Jonathan Crump , Claudina Cruz , Juan Luis Cruz Berm , Jaime Cruz Rojo , Marc Csete , Alberto Cucino , Ailbhe Cullen , Caroline Cullen , Matthew Cummings , Gerard Curley , Elodie Curlier , Colleen Curran , Paula Custodio , Ana da Silva Filipe , Charlene da Silveira , Al-Awwab Dabaliz , Andrew Dagens , Darren Dahly , Heidi Dalton , Jo Dalton , Seamus Daly , Federico d'Amico , Nick Daneman , Corinne Daniel , Emmanuelle Dankwa , Jorge Dantas , Frédérick D’aragon , Mark de Boer , Gillian de Loughry , Diego de Mendoza , Etienne de Montmollin , Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França , Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira , Rosanna de Rosa , Thushan de Silva , Peter de Vries , Jillian Deacon , David Dean , Alexa Debard , Bianca Debenedictis , Marie-Pierre Debray , Nathalie Decastro , William Dechert , Lauren Deconninck , Romain Decours , Eve Defous , Isabelle Delacroix , Eric Delaveuve , Karen Delavigne , Nathalie Delfos , Ionna Deligiannis , Andrea Dell'Amore , Christelle Delmas , Pierre Delobel , Corine Delsing , Elisa Demonchy , Emmanuelle Denis , Dominique Deplanque , Pieter Depuydt , Mehul Desai , Diane Descamps , Mathilde Desvallée , Santi Dewayanti , Alpha Diallo , Sylvain Diamantis , André Dias , Priscila Diaz , Rodrigo Diaz , Juan Jose Diaz Diaz , Kévin Didier , Jean-Luc Diehl , Wim Dieperink , Jérôme Dimet , Vincent Dinot , Fara Diop , Alphonsine Diouf , Yael Dishon , Devika Dixit , Félix Djossou , Annemarie Docherty , Helen Doherty , Arjen Dondorp , Andy Dong , Christl Donnelly , Maria Donnelly , Chloe Donohue , Sean Donohue , Yoann Donohue , Ciara Doran , Peter Doran , Céline Dorival , Eric d'Ortenzio , James Joshua Douglas , Renee Douma , Nathalie Dournon , Triona Downer , Joanne Downey , Mark Downing , Tom Drake , Aoife Driscoll , Murray Dryden , Claudio Duarte Fonseca , Vincent Dubee , François Dubos , Alexandre Ducancelle , Toni Duculan , Susanne Dudman , Abhijit Duggal , Paul Dunand , Jake Dunning , Mathilde Duplaix , Emanuele Durante-Mangoni , Lucian Durham Iii , Bertrand Dussol , Juliette Duthoit , Xavier Duval , Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise , Sim Choon Ean , Marco Echeverria-Villalobos , Siobhan Egan , Carla Eira , Mohammed El Sanharawi , Subbarao Elapavaluru , Brigitte Elharrar , Jacobien Ellerbroek , Philippine Eloy , Tarek Elshazly , Iqbal Elyazar , Isabelle Enderle , Tomoyuki Endo , Chan Chee Eng , Ilka Engelmann , Vincent Enouf , Olivier Epaulard , Martina Escher , Mariano Esperatti , Hélène Esperou , Marina Esposito-Farese , João Estevão , Manuel Etienne , Nadia Ettalhaoui , Anna Greti Everding , Mirjam Evers , Isabelle Fabre , Marc Fabre , Amna Faheem , Arabella Fahy , Cameron Fairfield , Zul Fakar , Pedro Faria , Ahmed Farooq , Jeremy Farrar , Nataly Farshait , Hanan Fateena , Arie Zainul Fatoni , Karine Faure , Raphaël Favory , Mohamed Fayed , Niamh Feely , Laura Feeney , Jorge Fernandes , Marília Fernandes , Susana Fernandes , François-Xavier Ferrand , Eglantine Ferrand Devouge , Joana Ferrão , Mário Ferraz , Benigno Ferreira , Sílvia Ferreira , Ricard Ferrer-Roca , Nicolas Ferriere , Céline Ficko , Claudia Figueiredo-Mello , Juan Fiorda , Thomas Flament , Clara Flateau , Tom Fletcher , Letizia Lucia Florio , Brigid Flynn , Deirdre Flynn , Claire Foley , Jean Foley , Victor Fomin , Tatiana Fonseca , Patricia Fontela , Simon Forsyth , Denise Foster , Giuseppe Foti , Erwan Fourn , Robert Fowler , Dr Marianne Fraher , Diego Franch-Llasat , Christophe Fraser , John Fraser , Marcela Vieira Freire , Ana Freitas Ribeiro , Caren Friedrich , Ricardo Fritz , Stéphanie Fry , Nora Fuentes , Masahiro Fukuda , Valérie Gaborieau , Rostane Gaci , Massimo Gagliardi , Jean-Charles Gagnard , Nathalie Gagné , Amandine Gagneux-Brunon , Sérgio Gaião , Linda Gail Skeie , Phil Gallagher , Elena Gallego Curto , Carrol Gamble , Yasmin Gani , Arthur Garan , Rebekha Garcia , Noelia García Barrio , Julia Garcia-Diaz , Esteban Garcia-Gallo , Navya Garimella , Denis Garot , Valérie Garrait , Basanta Gauli , Nathalie Gault , Aisling Gavin , Anatoliy Gavrylov , Alexandre Gaymard , Johannes Gebauer , Eva Geraud , Louis Gerbaud Morlaes , Nuno Germano , Praveen Kumar Ghisulal , Jade Ghosn , Marco Giani , Carlo Giaquinto , Jess Gibson , Tristan Gigante , Morgane Gilg , Elaine Gilroy , Guillermo Giordano , Michelle Girvan , Valérie Gissot , Judy Gitahi , Gezy Giwangkancana , Daniel Glikman , Petr Glybochko , Eric Gnall , Geraldine Goco , François Goehringer , Siri Goepel , Jean-Christophe Goffard , Jin Yi Goh , Jonathan Golob , Rui Gomes , Kyle Gomez , Joan Gómez-Junyent , Marie Gominet , Alicia Gonzalez , Patricia Gordon , Anthony Gordon , Isabelle Gorenne , Laure Goubert , Cécile Goujard , Tiphaine Goulenok , Margarite Grable , Jeronimo Graf , Edward Wilson Grandin , Pascal Granier , Giacomo Grasselli , Lorenzo Grazioli , Christopher Green , Courtney Greene , William Greenhalf , Segolène Greffe , Domenico Luca Grieco , Matthew Griffee , Fiona Griffiths , Ioana Grigoras , Albert Groenendijk , Anja Grosse Lordemann , Heidi Gruner , Yusing Gu , Fabio Guarracino , Jérémie Guedj , Martin Guego , Dewi Guellec , Anne-Marie Guerguerian , Daniela Guerreiro , Romain Guery , Anne Guillaumot , Laurent Guilleminault , Maisa Guimarães de Castro , Thomas Guimard , Marieke Haalboom , Daniel Haber , Hannah Habraken , Ali Hachemi , Nadir Hadri , Olena Haidash , Saeeda Haider , Fakhir Haidri , Sheeba Hakak , Adam Hall , Matthew Hall , Sophie Halpin , Ansley Hamer , Raph Hamers , Rebecca Hamidfar , Terese Hammond , Lim Yuen Han , Rashan Haniffa , Kok Wei Hao , Hayley Hardwick , Ewen Harrison , Janet Harrison , Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison , Alan Hartman , Junaid Hashmi , Madiha Hashmi , Muhammad Hayat , Ailbhe Hayes , Leanne Hays , Jan Heerman , Lars Heggelund , Ross Hendry , Martina Hennessy , Aquiles Henriquez , Maxime Hentzien , Fivzia Herekar , Jaime Hernandez-Montfort , Daniel Herr , Andrew Hershey , Liv Hesstvedt , Astarini Hidayah , Dawn Higgins , Eibhilin Higgins , Grainne Higginsokeeffe , Rita Hinchion , Samuel Hinton , Hiroaki Hiraiwa , Hikombo Hitoto , Antonia Ho , Yi Bin Ho , Alexandre Hoctin , Isabelle Hoffmann , Wei Han Hoh , Oscar Hoiting , Rebecca Holt , Jan Cato Holter , Peter Horby , Juan Pablo Horcajada , Koji Hoshino , Kota Hoshino , Ikram Houas , Catherine Hough , Stuart Houltham , Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu , Jean-Sébastien Hulot , Iqbal Hussain , Samreen Ijaz , Hajnal-Gabriela Illes , Patrick Imbert , Mohammad Imran , Rana Imran Sikander , Hugo Inácio , Carmen Infante Dominguez , Yun Sii Ing , Elias Iosifidis , Mariachiara Ippolito , Sarah Isgett , Palliya Guruge Pramodya Ishani Ishani , Tiago Isidoro , Nadiah Ismail , Margaux Isnard , Junji Itai , Asami Ito , Daniel Ivulich , Danielle Jaafar , Salma Jaafoura , Julien Jabot , Clare Jackson , Nina Jamieson , Pierre Jaquet , Waasila Jassat , Coline Jaud-Fischer , Stéphane Jaureguiberry , Jeffrey Javidfar , Issrah Jawad , Denise Jaworsky , Devachandran Jayakumar , Florence Jego , Anilawati Mat Jelani , Synne Jenum , Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor , van der Palen Job , Ong Yiaw Joe , Ruth Jorge García , Cédric Joseph , Mark Joseph , Swosti Joshi , Mercé Jourdain , Philippe Jouvet , Jennifer June , Anna Jung , Hanna Jung , Dafsah Juzar , Ouifiya Kafif , Florentia Kaguelidou , Neerusha Kaisbain , Thavamany Kaleesvran , Sabina Kali , Alina Kalicinska , Smaragdi Kalomoiri , Saima Kamal , Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin , Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin , Nadiah Kamarudin , Darshana Hewa Kandamby ,