Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1 - Institut Pasteur Access content directly
Journal Articles iScience Year : 2022

Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1

Maxime Chazal
Olivier Schwartz

Abstract

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) protect against microbial invasion by detecting specific molecular patterns found in pathogens and initiating an immune response. Although microbial-derived PRR ligands have been extensively characterized, the contribution and relevance of endogenous ligands to PRR activation remains overlooked. Here, we characterize the landscape of endogenous ligands that engage RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) upon infection by different RNA viruses. In each infection, several RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol3) specifically engaged RLRs, particularly the family of Y RNAs. Sensing of Y RNAs was dependent on their mimicking of viral secondary structure and their 5′-triphosphate extremity. Further, we found that HIV-1 triggered a VPR-dependent downregulation of RNA triphosphatase DUSP11 in vitro and in vivo, inducing a transcriptome-wide change of cellular RNA 5′-triphosphorylation that licenses Y RNA immunogenicity. Overall, our work uncovers the contribution of endogenous RNAs to antiviral immunity and demonstrates the importance of this pathway in HIV-1 infection.
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Origin : Publication funded by an institution

Dates and versions

pasteur-03707385 , version 1 (28-06-2022)

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Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives - CC BY 4.0

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Nicolas Vabret, Valérie Najburg, Alexander Solovyov, Ramya Gopal, Christopher Mcclain, et al.. Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1. iScience, 2022, 25 (7), pp.104599. ⟨10.1016/j.isci.2022.104599⟩. ⟨pasteur-03707385⟩
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