Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas (1, 2) , Nell Saunders (1, 3) , Piet Maes (4) , Florence Guivel-Benhassine (1) , Cyril Planchais (5) , Julian Buchrieser (1) , William-Henry Bolland (1, 3) , Françoise Porrot (1) , Isabelle Staropoli (1) , Frédéric Lemoine (6) , Hélène Péré (7, 8) , David Veyer (7, 8) , Julien Puech (7) , Julien Rodary (7) , Guy Baele (4) , Simon Dellicour (4, 9) , Joren Raymenants (4) , Sarah Gorissen (4) , Caspar Geenen (4) , Bert Vanmechelen (4) , Tony Wawina-Bokalanga (4) , Joan Martí-Carreras (4) , Lize Cuypers (10) , Aymeric Sève (11) , Laurent Hocqueloux (11) , Thierry Prazuck (11) , Félix A. Rey (12) , Etienne Simon-Loriere (13) , Timothée Bruel (1, 2) , Hugo Mouquet (5) , Emmanuel André (4, 10) , Olivier Schwartz (1, 2)

1 Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity
2 VRI - Vaccine Research Institute
3 ED562 - BioSPC - École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris]
4 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
5 Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology
6 Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB
7 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
8 FunGeST - Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides = Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors [CRC]
9 ULB - Université libre de Bruxelles
10 University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven]
11 CHRO - Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans
12 Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology
13 Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first identified in November 2021 in Botswana and South Africa1-3. It has since spread to many countries and is expected to rapidly become dominant worldwide. The lineage is characterized by the presence of around 32 mutations in spike-located mostly in the N-terminal domain and the receptor-binding domain-that may enhance viral fitness and enable antibody evasion. Here we isolated an infectious Omicron virus in Belgium from a traveller returning from Egypt. We examined its sensitivity to nine monoclonal antibodies that have been clinically approved or are in development4, and to antibodies present in 115 serum samples from COVID-19 vaccine recipients or individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. Omicron was completely or partially resistant to neutralization by all monoclonal antibodies tested. Sera from recipients of the Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine, sampled five months after complete vaccination, barely inhibited Omicron. Sera from COVID-19-convalescent patients collected 6 or 12 months after symptoms displayed low or no neutralizing activity against Omicron. Administration of a booster Pfizer dose as well as vaccination of previously infected individuals generated an anti-Omicron neutralizing response, with titres 6-fold to 23-fold lower against Omicron compared with those against Delta. Thus, Omicron escapes most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and, to a large extent, vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, Omicron is neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.

Domains: Life Sciences [q-bio]; Microbiology and Parasitology; Virology

Delphine Planas, Nell Saunders, Piet Maes, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Cyril Planchais, et al.. Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization. Nature, 2022, 602 (7898), pp.671-675. ⟨10.1038/s41586-021-04389-z⟩. ⟨pasteur-03654259⟩