Distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2

Nikaïa Smith; Pedro Goncalves; Bruno Charbit; Ludivine Grzelak; Maxime Beretta; Cyril Planchais; Timothée Bruel; Vincent Rouilly; Vincent Bondet; Jérôme Hadjadj; Nader Yatim; Helene Pere; Sarah Merkling; Solen Kernéis; Frederic Rieux-Laucat; Benjamin Terrier; Olivier Schwartz; Hugo Mouquet; Darragh Duffy; James Di Santo

doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.21251633

Preprints, Working Papers, ...

Distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2

Nikaïa Smith ¹ Pedro Goncalves ² Bruno Charbit ³ Ludivine Grzelak ^{4, 5} Maxime Beretta ⁶ Cyril Planchais ⁶ Timothée Bruel ⁴ Vincent Rouilly ⁷ Vincent Bondet ¹ Jérôme Hadjadj ^{8, 9} Nader Yatim ¹ Helene Pere ¹⁰ Sarah Merkling ¹¹ Solen Kernéis ^{12, 13, 14} Frederic Rieux-Laucat ⁸ Benjamin Terrier ⁹ Olivier Schwartz ⁴ Hugo Mouquet ⁶ Darragh Duffy ^{1, 3, *} James Di Santo ^{2, *}

* Corresponding author

1 Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab

2 Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity

3 UTechS CB - Cytometrie et Biomarqueurs – Cytometry and Biomarkers

4 Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity

5 USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité

6 Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology

7 Datactix

8 Equipe Inserm U1163 - Immunogenetics of pediatric autoimmune diseases

Imagine - U1163 - Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU)

9 Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (APHP-CUP), Université de Paris, Paris, France

10 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]

11 IVI - Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions

12 Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP]

13 IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137) - Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution

14 EMAE - Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials

Abstract : Coordinated local mucosal and systemic immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection protect against COVID-19 pathologies or fail leading to severe clinical outcomes. To understand this process, we performed an integrated analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies, cytokines, viral load and 16S bacterial communities in paired nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples from a cohort of clinically distinct COVID-19 patients during acute infection. Plasma viral load was associated with systemic inflammatory cytokines that were elevated in severe COVID-19, and also with spike-specific neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, nasopharyngeal viral load correlated with SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses but inversely with interferon responses, the latter associating with protective microbial communities. Potential pathogenic microrganisms, often implicated in secondary respiratory infections, were associated with mucosal inflammation and elevated in severe COVID-19. Our results demonstrate distinct tissue compartmentalization of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses and highlight a role for the nasopharyngeal microbiome in regulating local and systemic immunity that determines COVID-19 clinical outcomes.

Keywords : Covid-19 cytokines mucosal immunity systemic immunity

Document type :

Preprints, Working Papers, ...

Domain :

Life Sciences [q-bio] / Immunology

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https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-03244398
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Submitted on : Tuesday, June 1, 2021 - 11:09:48 AM
Last modification on : Wednesday, January 5, 2022 - 11:48:03 AM
Long-term archiving on: : Thursday, September 2, 2021 - 6:30:45 PM

Distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2

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