J. Casanova and L. Abel, The human genetic determinism of life-threatening infectious diseases: Genetic heterogeneity and physiological homogeneity? Hum

. Genet, , vol.139, pp.681-694, 2020.

R. Döffinger, M. R. Helbert, G. Barcenas-morales, K. Yang, S. Dupuis et al., Autoantibodies to interferon-gamma in a patient with selective susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and organ-specific autoimmunity, Clin. Infect. Dis, vol.38, pp.10-14, 2004.

C. Höflich, R. Sabat, S. Rosseau, B. Temmesfeld, H. Slevogt et al., Naturally occurring anti-IFNgamma autoantibody and severe infections with Mycobacterium cheloneae and Burkholderia cocovenenans, Blood, vol.103, pp.673-675, 2004.

B. Kampmann, C. Hemingway, A. Stephens, R. Davidson, A. Goodsall et al., Acquired predisposition to mycobacterial disease due to autoantibodies to IFN-gamma, J. Clin. Invest, vol.115, pp.2480-2488, 2005.

A. Puel, C. Picard, M. Lorrot, C. Pons, M. Chrabieh et al., Recurrent staphylococcal cellulitis and subcutaneous abscesses in a child with autoantibodies against IL-6, J. Immunol, vol.180, pp.647-654, 2008.

A. Puel, R. Döffinger, A. Natividad, M. Chrabieh, G. Barcenas-morales et al.,

D. Bougnères, L. Kumararatne, A. Marodi, C. Nahum, S. Roifman et al., Autoantibodies against IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I, J. Exp. Med, vol.207, pp.291-297, 2010.

K. Kisand, A. S. Wolff, K. T. Podkrajsek, L. Tserel, M. Link et al., Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines, J. Exp. Med, vol.207, pp.299-308, 2010.

C. Ku, C. Chi, H. Bernuth, and R. Doffinger, Autoantibodies against cytokines: Phenocopies of primary immunodeficiencies?, Hum. Genet, vol.139, pp.783-794, 2020.

A. Isaacs and J. Lindenmann, Virus interference. I. The interferon, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, vol.147, pp.258-267, 1957.

A. Isaacs, J. Lindenmann, and R. C. Valentine, Virus interference. II. Some properties of interferon, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, vol.147, pp.268-273, 1957.

I. Gresser, Wherefore interferon?, J. Leukoc. Biol, vol.61, pp.567-574, 1997.

H. Hoffmann, W. M. Schneider, and C. M. Rice, Interferons and viruses: An evolutionary arms race of molecular interactions, Trends Immunol, vol.36, pp.124-138, 2015.

N. A. De-weerd, J. P. Vivian, S. S. Lim, S. U. Huang, and P. J. Hertzog, Structural integrity with functional plasticity: What type I IFN receptor polymorphisms reveal, J. Leukoc. Biol, vol.108, pp.909-924, 2020.

J. E. Darnell, STATs and gene regulation, Science, vol.277, pp.1630-1635, 1997.

A. Vallbracht, J. Treuner, B. Flehmig, K. E. Joester, and D. Niethammer, Interferonneutralizing antibodies in a patient treated with human fibroblast interferon

A. Meager, K. Visvalingam, P. Peterson, K. Möll, A. Murumägi et al., Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1, PLOS Med, vol.3, p.289, 2006.

S. Panem, I. J. Check, D. Henriksen, and J. Vilcek, Antibodies to alpha-interferon in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, J. Immunol, vol.129, pp.1-3, 1982.

Q. Zhang, P. Bastard, Z. Liu, J. Le-pen, M. Moncada-velez et al., French COVID Cohort Study Group

. Casanova, Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19, 2020.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02950982

B. Pozzetto, K. E. Mogensen, M. G. Tovey, and I. Gresser, Characteristics of autoantibodies to human interferon in a patient with varicella-zoster disease, J. Infect. Dis, vol.150, pp.707-713, 1984.

J. Casanova, Ion Gresser. J. Interferon Cytokine Res, vol.39, pp.317-320, 2019.

J. E. Walter, L. B. Rosen, K. Csomos, J. M. Rosenberg, D. Mathew et al., Broad-spectrum antibodies against self-antigens and cytokines in RAG deficiency, J. Clin. Invest, vol.125, pp.4135-4148, 2015.

G. Beccuti, L. Ghizzoni, V. Cambria, V. Codullo, P. Sacchi et al., A COVID-19 pneumonia case report of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Lombardy, Italy: Letter to the editor, J. Endocrinol. Invest, vol.43, pp.1175-1177, 2020.

J. Casanova and H. C. Su, COVID Human Genetic Effort, A Global Effort to Define the Human Genetics of Protective Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Cell, vol.181, pp.1194-1199, 2020.

J. Manry, G. Laval, E. Patin, S. Fornarino, Y. Itan et al., Evolutionary genetic dissection of human interferons, J. Exp. Med, vol.208, pp.2747-2759, 2011.

S. Trouillet-assant, S. Viel, A. Gaymard, S. Pons, J. Richard et al., COVID HCL Study group, Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.146, pp.206-208, 2020.

J. Hadjadj, N. Yatim, L. Barnabei, A. Corneau, J. Boussier et al., Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients, Science, vol.369, pp.718-724, 2020.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02900830

A. Harris, J. Collins, D. Vetrie, C. Cole, and M. Bobrow, X inactivation as a mechanism of selection against lethal alleles: Further investigation of incontinentia pigmenti and X linked lymphoproliferative disease, J. Med. Genet, vol.29, pp.608-614, 1992.

D. Blanco-melo, B. E. Nilsson-payant, W. Liu, S. Uhl, D. Hoagland et al., Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19, Cell, vol.181, pp.1036-1045, 2020.

S. L. Klein, A. Pekosz, H. Park, R. L. Ursin, J. R. Shapiro et al., Sex, age, and hospitalization drive antibody responses in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor population, J. Clin. Invest, p.142004, 2020.

T. T. Wang and J. V. Ravetch, Functional diversification of IgGs through Fc glycosylation, J. Clin. Invest, vol.129, pp.3492-3498, 2019.

P. D. Burbelo, F. X. Riedo, C. Morishima, S. Rawlings, D. Smith et al., Sensitivity in Detection of Antibodies to Nucleocapsid and Spike Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Patients With Coronavirus Disease, J. Infect. Dis, vol.222, pp.206-213, 2019.

S. Meyer, M. Woodward, C. Hertel, P. Vlaicu, Y. Haque et al., AIRE-Deficient Patients Harbor Unique High-Affinity Disease-Ameliorating Autoantibodies, Cell, vol.166, pp.582-595, 2016.

K. Katoh, J. Rozewicki, and K. D. Yamada, MAFFT online service: Multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization, Brief. Bioinform, vol.20, pp.1160-1166, 2019.

K. Katoh, K. Kuma, H. Toh, and T. Miyata, MAFFT version 5: Improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.33, pp.511-518, 2005.

N. Saitou and M. Nei, The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Mol. Biol. Evol, vol.4, pp.406-425, 1987.

D. T. Jones, W. R. Taylor, and J. M. Thornton, The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences, Comput. Appl. Biosci, vol.8, pp.275-282, 1992.

C. H. Woelk, S. D. Frost, D. D. Richman, P. E. Higley, and S. L. Pond, Evolution of the interferon alpha gene family in eutherian mammals, Gene, vol.397, pp.38-50, 2007.

M. V. Han and C. M. Zmasek, phyloXML: XML for evolutionary biology and comparative genomics, vol.10, p.356, 2009.

S. Pestka, C. D. Krause, and M. R. Walter, Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors, Immunol. Rev, vol.202, pp.8-32, 2004.

D. M. Rissin, C. W. Kan, T. G. Campbell, S. C. Howes, D. R. Fournier et al., Single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects serum proteins at subfemtomolar concentrations, Nat. Biotechnol, vol.28, pp.595-599, 2010.

A. Mathian, S. Mouries-martin, K. Dorgham, H. Devilliers, L. Barnabei et al., Z. Amoura, Monitoring Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Single-Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Quantification of Serum Interferon-?. Arthritis Rheumatol, vol.71, pp.756-765, 2019.

P. Lebon, G. Ponsot, J. Aicardi, F. Goutières, and M. Arthuis, Early intrathecal synthesis of interferon in herpes encephalitis, Biomedicine, vol.31, pp.267-271, 1979.

D. F. Robbiani, C. Gaebler, F. Muecksch, J. C. Lorenzi, Z. Wang et al., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals, Nature, vol.584, pp.437-442, 2020.

H. Kim, A. A. De-jesus, S. R. Brooks, Y. Liu, Y. Huang et al., Development of a Validated Interferon Score Using NanoString Technology, J. Interferon Cytokine Res, vol.38, pp.171-185, 2018.

J. P. Ferreira, N. Girerd, E. Bozec, L. Mercklé, A. Pizard et al., Rivière 172 , Gemma Rocamora Blanch 15 , Carlos Rodrigo 1 , Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego 173, Cohort Profile: Rationale and design of the fourth visit of the STANISLAS cohort: a familial longitudinal population-based cohort from the Nancy region of France, vol.47, pp.395-395, 0195.

, 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Navarra Health Service Hospital, issue.3

, 33 Clinical immunology unit, pediatric infectious disease departement, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Averroes University Hospital, de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Pneumologie, APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière

S. Center and . Civili, 37 Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 38 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Konya State Hospital, Hôpital Foch

, 53 Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey. 54 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, vol.55

F. Docència-i-recerca-mútua-terrassa, . Barcelona, . Spain, S. Medicine, and . Vincent, 64 Sorbonne Université médecine and APHP Sorbonne université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Georges Pompidou Hospital, vol.68

, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey. 75 Centre Hospitalier Fleyriat, Necmettin Erbakan University, vol.78

, 83 Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Limoges and Inserm CIC 1435 & UMR 1092

, 85 Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, vol.87, p.95

A. Ap-hp and H. Cochin, 100 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. 101 Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Sharjah, UAE. 99 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE14183, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet

, 113 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tasc?oglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 114 Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 123 National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore. 124 Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, vol.107

, Tan Tock Seng Hospital

, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

, 133 Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Australia. 138 APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, issue.141

, 149 Guanarteme Health Care Center, Canarian Health System, Georges Pompidou Hospital, issue.153

A. Singapore-immunology-network and S. Star,

, 157 Regional Universitary Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. 158 Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla

U. Inserm and . Chu-lille, 172 Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain. 174 Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL-Hospital Duran i Reynals, vol.164

. Dept, . Immunology, . Clínico-san, . Carlos, . Madrid et al., Critical Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Canarian Health System, Rare Disease Center, and Inflammation Center, Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Majakka, Helsinki, Finland. 187 Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain. 188 Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, p.12, 0201.

, Nassima Si Mohammed, vol.12, p.36

. Inserm-umr-1163, 9 Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 14 Inserm, Pôle Recherche Clinique, France. 15 CIC 1403 Inserm, vol.7

A. Renarci and F. , 36 Paris -Bichat -SMIT, France. The Milieu Intérieur Consortium Laurent Abel 1, Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), vol.35

, Sitro. *Co-coordinators of the Milieu Intérieur Consortium. Additional information can be, vol.13

, Sandrine Couffin-Cardièrgues, vol.10, issue.1

, University of Basel Children's Hospital. 5 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, F-75018, vol.12

, APHP, vol.17

, Jorinde Raasveld 2 , Tom Reijnders 1 , Michiel Schinkel 1 , Marcus Schultz 2 , Alex Schuurman 13 , Kim Sigaloff 1 , Marry Smit 2 , Cornelis S. Stijnis 1 , Willemke Stilma 2 , Charlotte Teunissen 14 , Patrick Thoral 2 , Anissa Tsonas 2 , Marc van der Valk 1 , Denise Veelo 8, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, vol.2, issue.2

, 14 Neurochemical Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands. 15 Deparment of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands. 16 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, vol.17

, Jose Luis Franco 27 , Peter K. Gregersen 28 , Filomeen Haerynck 29 , David Hagin 30, Rebeca Perez de Diego 57, vol.15

, 10 Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine. 11 Clinical immunology unit, pediatric infectious disease departement, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Averroes University Hospital. LICIA Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, d'inflammation et d'allergie, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, issue.5

. The-american-genome and . Center, 24 Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (National Institute of Pediatrics), Mexico City, Mexico. 25 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Northwell Health USA

P. A. Philadelphia and U. , 51 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 59 Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, vol.43, 28046.

, IDIBELL-Hospital Duran I Reynals

, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies

I. Ciberer-u759, ;. Madrid-spain, C. Cnrs-umr2000), and F. De, 72 The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 73 Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College; Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, 62 Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Center and Singapore Immunology Network

, Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

H. C. Su and J. Casanova,

M. Steven, G. Holland, E. Gorochov, C. M. Jouanguy, A. Rice et al., The Milieu Intérieur Consortium, CoV-Contact Cohort, Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank, COVID NIAID-USUHS Immune Response to COVID Group, COVID Clinicians, COVID-STORM Clinicians

L. R. Biondi, M. D. Bettini, P. Angio, P. Bonfanti, J. Rossignol et al.,

D. Dalmau, J. Martinez-picado, P. Brodin, M. C. Nussenzweig, S. Boisson-dupuis et al.,

S. Trouillet-assant, K. Dobbs, A. Almeida-de-jesus, A. Belot, A. Kallaste et al., , 2020.

, This article cites 45 articles, 9 of which you can access for free