T. Australian, Brazil 780 for donation of plasma samples. We thank the Volunteer Blood Donor Registry at WEHI for 781 donation of plasma samples, and Lina Laskos and Jenni Harris for their collection and advice

, We thank Christopher King (Case Western Reserve University) for provision of the PNG control 783 plasma pool. Melanie Bahlo (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute) is thanked for her advice on

, We acknowledge funding from the Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, pp.2015-142

, NIH grant 5R01 AI 104822 to JS 789 and 5U19AI089686-06 to JK) and the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia 790 (#1092789 and #1134989 to IM and #1143187 to W-HT). Cohort samples were derived from 791 field studies originally funded by the TransEPI consortium, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, p.792

, This work has been supported by FIND with funding from the Australian and 793 British governments. We also acknowledge support from the National Research Council of

. Thailand, This work was made possible through Victorian State Government Operational 795 Infrastructure Support and Australian Government NHMRC IRIISS. IM is supported by an 796 NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (1043345). DLD is supported by an NHMRC Principal 797 Research Fellowship (1023636), TT was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI, vol.15, p.798

, is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Wellcome Trust 799 International Research Scholar, RJL received the Page Betheras Award from, 208693.

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, Extended Data Figure 1. Study design and follow-up schedule

, Extended Data Figure 2. Antibody responses to 60 antigens measured in n = 2,281 biologically independent 962 samples on the Luminex® platform, stratified by geographical location and time since last PCR detected infection

, Boxplots denote median and interquartile ranges (IQR) of the data

, Extended Data Figure 3. Association between background reactivity in non-malaria exposed 965 controls and ranking of candidate SEMs

, Extended Data Figure 4. Detailed breakdown of classification performance for the target of 967 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity

, Thai and Brazilian patients were enrolled following a 1007 clinical episode of P. vivax and treated according to the relevant National Guidelines, with directly observed treatment 1008 (DOT) to ensure compliance and reduced risk of relapse. Volunteers were followed for nine months after enrolment, 1009 with finger-prick blood samples collected at enrolment and week 1, then every two weeks for six months, then every 1010 month. Antibody levels were measured in a subset of 32 Thai and 33 Brazilian volunteers who were confirmed to be 1011 free of blood-stage Plasmodium parasites by analysing all samples by light microscopy and qPCR, Extended Data Fig 1. Study design and follow-up schedule. (A), p.999

, 860 participants from the Solomon Islands were 1013 followed longitudinally for 12 months with active surveillance visits every month. For the analysis in the validation 1014 phase antibody levels were measured in plasma samples from the last visit. For the analysis in the application phase, 1015 antibody levels were measured in plasma samples from the first visit, p.1017, 1016.

, Extended Data Fig 2. Measured antibody responses to 60 proteins on the Luminex® platform, stratified by 1019 geographical location and time since last PCR detected infection, vol.1020, p.1022

, (n=72) and Rio de Janeiro Brazil (n = 96) 1026 compared to the AUC of the 60 candidate P.vivax proteins generated during the validation phase. WGCF expressed 1027 proteins are in black and E. coli or Baculovirus expressed proteins are in blue, Extended Data Fig 3. Association between background reactivity in non-malaria exposed controls and ranking of 1024 candidate SEMs by area under the curve (AUC)

, Breakdown of the classification of the Random Forests algorithm with target sensitivity and 1032 specificity of 80%. The size of each rectangle is proportional to the number of samples in each category (See Table 1033 S4 of accompanying manuscript). The coloured area represents the proportion correctly classified

, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the composite classification algorithm