Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.27, pp.870-926, 2014. ,
Linezolid update: stable in vitro activity following more than a decade of clinical use and summary of associated resistance mechanisms, Drug Resist Updat, vol.17, pp.1-12, 2014. ,
Mechanism of action of the oxazolidinone antibacterial agents, Expert Opin Investig Drugs, vol.8, pp.1195-202, 1999. ,
Susceptibility trends including emergence of linezolid resistance among coagulasenegative staphylococci and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from invasive infections, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.46, pp.622-652, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01911214
Linezolid surveillance results for the United States (LEADER Surveillance Program, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.60, pp.2273-80, 2014. ,
The emerging problem of linezolidresistant Staphylococcus, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.68, pp.4-11, 2013. ,
Oxazolidinone antibiotics, Lancet, vol.358, pp.1975-82, 2001. ,
Clinical cure and survival in Grampositive ventilator-associated pneumonia: retrospective analysis of two double-blind studies comparing linezolid with vancomycin, Intensive Care Med, vol.30, pp.388-94, 2004. ,
The oxazolidinone antibiotics perturb the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center and effect tRNA positioning, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.105, pp.13339-13383, 2008. ,
Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: gene dosage effect, stability, fitness costs, and cross-resistances, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.52, pp.1570-1572, 2008. ,
A new mechanism for chloramphenicol, florfenicol and clindamycin resistance: methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA at A2503, Mol Microbiol, vol.57, pp.1064-73, 2005. ,
Acquisition of a natural resistance gene renders a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the synthetic antibiotic linezolid, Mol Microbiol, vol.64, pp.1506-1520, 2007. ,
A cfr-like gene cfr(C) conferring linezolid resistance is common in Clostridium difficile, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.50, pp.496-500, 2017. ,
Detection of a new cfr-like gene, cfr(B), in Enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from human specimens in the United States as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.59, pp.6256-61, 2015. ,
A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.70, pp.2182-90, 2015. ,
Presence of the optrA gene in methicillinresistant Staphylococcus sciuri of porcine origin, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.60, pp.7200-7205, 2016. ,
Co-location of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr on a multiresistance plasmid from Staphylococcus sciuri, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.71, pp.1474-1482, 2016. ,
Retrospective analysis of genome sequences revealed the wide dissemination of optrA in Gram-positive bacteria, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.72, pp.614-620, 2017. ,
Nosocomial superinfections due to linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis: evidence for a gene dosage effect on linezolid MICs, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.47, pp.511-514, 2003. ,
Linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in patients without prior exposure to linezolid, Clin Infect Dis, vol.36, pp.146-154, 2003. ,
Resistance to linezolid is mediated by the cfr gene in the first report of an outbreak of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Infect Dis, vol.50, pp.821-826, 2010. ,
Clinical outbreak of linezolidresistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit, JAMA, vol.303, pp.2260-2264, 2010. ,
Linezolid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from German hospitals and characterization of two cfr-carrying plasmids, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.70, pp.1630-1638, 2015. ,
Multicity outbreak of linezolidresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with clonal spread of a cfrcontaining strain, Clin Infect Dis, vol.51, pp.796-800, 2010. ,
Wide dissemination of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in Greece is associated with a linezolid-dependent ST22 clone, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.70, pp.1625-1634, 2015. ,
An outbreak of colonization with linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in an intensive therapy unit, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.61, pp.901-908, 2008. ,
A dual outbreak of bloodstream infections with linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pettenkoferi in a liver intensive care unit, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.40, pp.472-476, 2012. ,
A clone of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bearing the G2576T mutation is endemic in an Italian hospital, J Hosp Infect, vol.94, pp.203-209, 2016. ,
Incidence, management and outcomes of the first cfr-mediated linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis outbreak in a tertiary referral centre in the Republic of Ireland, J Hosp Infect, vol.90, pp.316-337, 2015. ,
Nosocomial outbreak of methicillinand linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with catheter-related infections in intensive care unit patients, Int J Med Microbiol, vol.301, pp.354-362, 2011. ,
Endemic linezolidresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a critical care unit, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.28, pp.527-560, 2009. ,
Comparison of the DiversiLab repetitive element PCR system with spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for clonal characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, vol.49, pp.1549-55, 2011. ,
Use of automated repetitivesequence-based PCR for rapid laboratory confirmation of nosocomial outbreaks, J Infect, vol.60, pp.44-51, 2010. ,
Evaluation of repetitive element polymerase chain reaction for surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a large academic medical center and community hospitals, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.81, pp.13-20, 2015. ,
Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs, Genome Res, vol.18, pp.821-830, 2008. ,
Identification of mutations in laboratoryevolved microbes from next-generation sequencing data using breseq, Methods Mol Biol, vol.1151, pp.165-88, 2014. ,
Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.67, pp.2640-2644, 2012. ,
The Harvest suite for rapid coregenome alignment and visualization of thousands of intraspecific microbial genomes, Genome Biol, vol.15, p.524, 2014. ,
MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods, Mol Biol Evol, vol.28, pp.2731-2740, 2011. ,
Structure-activity relationships of diverse oxazolidinones for linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains possessing the cfr methyltransferase gene or ribosomal mutations, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.54, pp.5337-5380, 2010. ,
Resistance to linezolid caused by modifications at its binding site on the ribosome, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.56, pp.603-615, 2012. ,
Polyphyletic emergence of linezolidresistant staphylococci in the United States, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.54, pp.742-750, 2010. ,
Dissemination of two international linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis clones in Greek hospitals, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.65, pp.1070-1071, 2010. ,
First report of cfr-mediated resistance to linezolid in human staphylococcal clinical isolates recovered in the United States, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.52, p.2244, 2008. ,
Linezolid-resistant clinical isolates of enterococci and Staphylococcus cohnii from a multicentre study in China: molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.42, pp.317-338, 2013. ,
Characterization of novel conjugative multiresistance plasmids carrying cfr from linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates from Italy, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.71, pp.307-320, 2016. ,
Inferring a population structure for Staphylococcus epidermidis from multilocus sequence typing data, J Bacteriol, vol.189, pp.2540-52, 2007. ,
An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries, J Infect Dev Ctries, vol.9, pp.547-50, 2015. ,
Horizontal gene transmission of the cfr gene to MRSA and Enterococcus: role of Staphylococcus epidermidis as a reservoir and alternative pathway for the spread of linezolid resistance, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.71, pp.587-92, 2016. ,
The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Infect Dis, vol.54, pp.755-71, 2012. ,
, Long-lasting outbreak of linezolid-resistant CoNS