N. Navaratnam, J. R. Morrison, S. Bhattacharya, D. Patel, T. Funahashi et al., The p27 catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme is a cytidine deaminase, J Biol Chem, vol.268, pp.20709-20721, 1993.

B. Teng, C. F. Burant, and N. O. Davidson, Molecular cloning of an apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing protein, Science, vol.260, pp.1816-1825, 1993.

V. Blanc and N. O. Davidson, APOBEC-1-mediated RNA editing, Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med, vol.2, pp.594-602, 2010.

H. Lellek, R. Kirsten, I. Diehl, F. Apostel, F. Buck et al., Purification and molecular cloning of a novel essential component of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme-complex, J Biol Chem, vol.275, pp.19848-56, 2000.

A. Mehta, M. T. Kinter, N. E. Sherman, and D. M. Driscoll, Molecular cloning of apobec-1 complementation factor, a novel RNA-binding protein involved in the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA, Mol Cell Biol, vol.20, pp.1846-54, 2000.

G. R. Skuse, A. J. Cappione, M. Sowden, L. J. Metheny, and H. C. Smith, The neurofibromatosis type I messenger RNA undergoes base-modification RNA editing, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.24, pp.478-85, 1996.

D. Mukhopadhyay, S. Anant, R. M. Lee, S. Kennedy, D. Viskochil et al., C->U editing of neurofibromatosis 1 mRNA occurs in tumors that express both the type II transcript and apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, Am J Hum Genet, vol.70, pp.38-50, 2002.

B. R. Rosenberg, C. E. Hamilton, M. M. Mwangi, S. Dewell, and F. N. Papavasiliou, Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA-editing targets in transcript 3? UTRs, Nat Struct Mol Biol, vol.18, pp.230-236, 2011.

V. Blanc, E. Park, S. Schaefer, M. Miller, Y. Lin et al., Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Apobec-1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing in mouse small intestine and liver, Genome Biol, vol.15, p.79, 2014.

S. K. Petersen-mahrt and M. S. Neuberger, In vitro deamination of cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA by apolipoprotein B editing complex catalytic subunit 1 (APOBEC1), J Biol Chem, vol.278, pp.19583-19589, 2003.

R. S. Harris, S. K. Petersen-mahrt, and M. S. Neuberger, RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 and some of its homologs can act as DNA mutators, Mol Cell, vol.10, pp.1247-53, 2002.

K. N. Bishop, R. K. Holmes, A. M. Sheehy, N. O. Davidson, S. Cho et al., Cytidine deamination of retroviral DNA by diverse APOBEC proteins, Curr Biol, vol.14, pp.1392-1398, 2004.

K. N. Bishop, R. K. Holmes, A. M. Sheehy, and M. H. Malim, APOBEC-mediated editing of viral RNA, Science, vol.305, p.645, 2004.

T. Ikeda, T. Ohsugi, T. Kimura, S. Matsushita, Y. Maeda et al., The antiretroviral potency of APOBEC1 deaminase from small animal species, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.36, pp.6859-71, 2008.

V. Petit, D. Guétard, R. M. Keriel, A. Sitbon, M. Wain-hobson et al., Murine APOBEC1 is a powerful mutator of retroviral and cellular RNA in vitro and in vivo, J Mol Biol, vol.385, pp.65-78, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00363408

M. C. Gonzalez, R. Suspène, M. Henry, D. Guétard, S. Wain-hobson et al., Human APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase edits HBV DNA, Retrovirology, vol.6, p.96, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00460445

M. Renard, M. Henry, D. Guétard, J. Vartanian, W. -. Hobson et al., APOBEC1 and APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases as restriction factors for hepadnaviral genomes in non-humans in vivo, J Mol Biol, vol.400, pp.323-357, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00507454

P. Gee, Y. Ando, H. Kitayama, S. P. Yamamoto, Y. Kanemura et al., APOBEC1-mediated editing and attenuation of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA indicate that neurons have an antiviral role during herpes simplex encephalitis, J Virol, vol.85, pp.9726-9762, 2011.

T. Ikeda, A. El, K. H. Galil, K. Tokunaga, K. Maeda et al., Intrinsic restriction activity by apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 against the mobility of autonomous retrotransposons, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.39, pp.5538-54, 2011.

N. Lindi?, M. Budi?, T. Petan, B. A. Knisbacher, E. Y. Levanon et al., Differential inhibition of LINE1 and LINE2 retrotransposition by vertebrate AID/APOBEC proteins, Retrovirology, vol.10, p.156, 2013.

T. Ikeda, M. Shimoda, D. Ebrahimi, J. L. Vandeberg, R. S. Harris et al., Opossum APOBEC1 is a DNA mutator with retrovirus and retroelement restriction activity, Sci Rep, vol.7, p.46719, 2017.

A. Jarmuz, A. Chester, J. Bayliss, J. Gisbourne, I. Dunham et al., An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22, Genomics, vol.79, pp.285-96, 2002.

S. G. Conticello, C. Thomas, S. K. Petersen-mahrt, and M. S. Neuberger, Evolution of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy) cytidine deaminases, Mol Biol Evol, vol.22, pp.367-77, 2005.

C. Münk, A. Willemsen, and I. G. Bravo, An ancient history of gene duplications, fusions and losses in the evolution of APOBEC3 mutators in mammals, BMC Evol Biol, vol.12, p.71, 2012.

A. M. Sheehy, N. C. Gaddis, J. D. Choi, and M. H. Malim, Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein, Nature, vol.418, pp.646-50, 2002.

R. S. Harris, K. N. Bishop, A. M. Sheehy, H. M. Craig, S. K. Petersen-mahrt et al., DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection, Cell, vol.113, pp.803-812, 2003.

D. Lecossier, F. Bouchonnet, F. Clavel, and A. J. Hance, Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein, Science, vol.300, p.1112, 2003.

B. Mangeat, P. Turelli, G. Caron, M. Friedli, L. Perrin et al., Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts, Nature, vol.424, pp.99-103, 2003.

R. Suspène, M. Henry, S. Guillot, S. Wain-hobson, and J. Vartanian, Recovery of APOBEC3-edited human immunodeficiency virus G->a hypermutants by differential DNA denaturation PCR, J Gen Virol, vol.86, pp.125-134, 2005.

J. Vartanian, D. Guétard, M. Henry, and S. Wain-hobson, Evidence for editing of human papillomavirus DNA by APOBEC3 in benign and precancerous lesions, Science, vol.320, pp.230-233, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00363398

R. Suspène, M. Aynaud, S. Koch, D. Pasdeloup, M. Labetoulle et al., Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo, J Virol, vol.85, pp.7594-602, 2011.

H. P. Bogerd, H. L. Wiegand, A. E. Hulme, J. L. Garcia-perez, O. Shea et al., Cellular inhibitors of long interspersed element 1 and Alu retrotransposition, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.103, pp.8780-8785, 2006.

H. Chen, C. E. Lilley, Q. Yu, D. V. Lee, J. Chou et al., APOBEC3A is a potent inhibitor of Adeno-associated virus and Retrotransposons, Curr Biol, vol.16, pp.480-485, 2006.

H. Muckenfuss, M. Hamdorf, U. Held, M. Perkovic, J. Löwer et al., APOBEC3 proteins inhibit human LINE-1 retrotransposition, J Biol Chem, vol.281, pp.22161-72, 2006.

R. S. Larue, S. R. Jónsson, K. Silverstein, M. Lajoie, D. Bertrand et al., The artiodactyl APOBEC3 innate immune repertoire shows evidence for a multi-functional domain organization that existed in the ancestor of placental mammals, BMC Mol Biol, vol.9, p.104, 2008.

R. S. Larue, V. Andrésdóttir, Y. Blanchard, S. G. Conticello, D. Derse et al., Guidelines for naming nonprimate APOBEC3 genes and proteins, J Virol, vol.83, pp.494-501, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00461417

R. Suspène, M. Aynaud, D. Guétard, M. Henry, G. Eckhoff et al., Somatic hypermutation of human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, a pathway for DNA catabolism, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.108, pp.4858-63, 2011.

V. Caval, R. Suspène, M. Shapira, J. Vartanian, W. -. Hobson et al., A prevalent cancer susceptibility APOBEC3A hybrid allele bearing APOBEC3B 3'UTR enhances chromosomal DNA damage, Nat Commun, vol.5, p.5129, 2014.

S. Nik-zainal, L. B. Alexandrov, D. C. Wedge, P. Van-loo, C. D. Greenman et al., Mutational processes molding the genomes of 21 breast cancers, Cell, vol.149, pp.979-93, 2012.

P. J. Stephens, P. S. Tarpey, H. Davies, P. Van-loo, C. Greenman et al., The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer, Nature, vol.486, pp.400-404, 2012.

L. B. Alexandrov, S. Nik-zainal, D. C. Wedge, S. Aparicio, S. Behjati et al., Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer, Nature, vol.500, pp.415-436, 2013.

S. Landry, I. Narvaiza, D. C. Linfesty, and M. D. Weitzman, APOBEC3A can activate the DNA damage response and cause cell-cycle arrest, EMBO Rep, vol.12, pp.444-50, 2011.

B. Mussil, R. Suspène, M. Aynaud, A. Gauvrit, J. Vartanian et al., Human APOBEC3A isoforms translocate to the nucleus and induce DNA double strand breaks leading to cell stress and death, PLoS One, vol.8, p.73641, 2013.

V. Caval, M. S. Bouzidi, R. Suspène, H. Laude, M. Dumargne et al., Molecular basis of the attenuated phenotype of human APOBEC3B DNA mutator enzyme, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.43, pp.9340-9349, 2015.

D. Xuan, G. Li, Q. Cai, S. Deming-halverson, M. J. Shrubsole et al., APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism is associated with breast cancer risk among women of European ancestry, Carcinogenesis, vol.34, pp.2240-2243, 2013.

G. Qi, H. Xiong, and C. Zhou, APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk among Chinese women, Tumor Biol, vol.35, pp.5723-5729, 2014.

L. B. Gansmo, P. Romundstad, K. Hveem, L. Vatten, S. Nik-zainal et al., APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism and cancer risk, Carcinogenesis, vol.39, pp.118-142, 2018.

S. A. Roberts, M. S. Lawrence, L. J. Klimczak, S. A. Grimm, D. Fargo et al., An APOBEC Cytidine Deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers, Nat Genet, vol.45, pp.970-976, 2013.

K. Chan, S. A. Roberts, L. J. Klimczak, J. F. Sterling, N. Saini et al., An APOBEC3A hypermutation signature is distinguishable from the signature of background mutagenesis by APOBEC3B in human cancers, Nat Genet, vol.47, pp.1067-72, 2015.

P. Lamy, I. Nordentoft, K. Birkenkamp-demtröder, M. Thomsen, P. Villesen et al., Paired exome analysis reveals clonal evolution and potential therapeutic targets in Urothelial carcinoma, Cancer Res, vol.76, pp.5894-906, 2016.

V. Caval, R. Suspène, J. Vartanian, W. -. Hobson, and S. , Orthologous mammalian APOBEC3A cytidine deaminases hypermutate nuclear DNA, Mol Biol Evol, vol.31, pp.330-370, 2014.

H. C. Laude, V. Caval, M. S. Bouzidi, X. Li, F. Jamet et al., The rabbit as an orthologous small animal model for APOBEC3A oncogenesis, Oncotarget, vol.9, pp.27809-27831, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02065306

X. Li, V. Caval, S. Wain-hobson, and J. Vartanian, Elephant APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase induces massive double-stranded DNA breaks and apoptosis, Sci Rep, vol.9, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02065280

R. Suspène, B. Mussil, H. Laude, V. Caval, N. Berry et al., Selfcytoplasmic DNA upregulates the mutator enzyme APOBEC3A leading to chromosomal DNA damage, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.45, pp.3231-3272, 2017.

B. Mussil, R. Suspène, V. Caval, A. Durandy, S. Wain-hobson et al., Genotoxic stress increases cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA editing by human APOBEC3 mutator enzymes at a single cell level, Sci Rep, vol.9, 2019.

C. S. Nabel, H. Jia, Y. Ye, L. Shen, H. L. Goldschmidt et al., AID/APOBEC deaminases disfavor modified cytosines implicated in DNA demethylation, Nat Chem Biol, vol.8, pp.751-759, 2012.

R. Suspène, M. Aynaud, J. Vartanian, W. -. Hobson, and S. , Efficient deamination of 5-Methylcytidine and 5-substituted Cytidine residues in DNA by human APOBEC3A Cytidine Deaminase, PLoS One, vol.8, 2013.

S. Yamanaka, M. E. Balestra, L. D. Ferrell, J. Fan, K. S. Arnold et al., Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing protein induces hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplasia in transgenic animals, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.92, pp.8483-8490, 1995.

Y. Nakano, H. Aso, A. Soper, E. Yamada, M. Moriwaki et al., A conflict of interest: the evolutionary arms race between mammalian APOBEC3 and lentiviral Vif, Retrovirology, vol.14, p.31, 2017.

L. Betts, S. Xiang, S. A. Short, R. Wolfenden, and C. W. Carter, Cytidine Deaminase. The 2·3 Å crystal structure of an enzyme: transition-state analog complex, J Mol Biol, vol.235, pp.635-56, 1994.

R. S. Harris and M. T. Liddament, Retroviral restriction by APOBEC proteins, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.4, pp.868-77, 2004.

M. Henry, D. Guétard, R. Suspène, C. Rusniok, S. Wain-hobson et al., Genetic editing of HBV DNA by Monodomain human APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases and the recombinant nature of APOBEC3G, PLoS One, vol.4, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00363413

A. Chester, A. Somasekaram, M. Tzimina, A. Jarmuz, J. Gisbourne et al., The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex performs a multifunctional cycle and suppresses nonsense-mediated decay, EMBO J, vol.22, pp.3971-82, 2003.

R. P. Bennett, E. Diner, M. P. Sowden, J. A. Lees, J. E. Wedekind et al., APOBEC-1 and AID are Nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking proteins but APOBEC3G cannot traffic, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.350, pp.214-223, 2006.

R. Beale, S. K. Petersen-mahrt, I. N. Watt, R. S. Harris, C. Rada et al., Comparison of the differential context-dependence of DNA deamination by APOBEC enzymes: correlation with mutation spectra in vivo, J Mol Biol, vol.337, pp.585-96, 2004.

R. M. Kohli, S. R. Abrams, K. S. Gajula, R. W. Maul, P. J. Gearhart et al., A portable hot spot recognition loop transfers sequence preferences from APOBEC family members to activation-induced Cytidine Deaminase, J Biol Chem, vol.284, pp.22898-904, 2009.

M. B. Burns, L. Lackey, M. A. Carpenter, A. Rathore, A. M. Land et al., APOBEC3B is an enzymatic source of mutation in breast cancer, Nature, vol.494, pp.366-70, 2013.

R. Suspène, V. Caval, M. Henry, M. S. Bouzidi, S. Wain-hobson et al., Erroneous identification of APOBEC3-edited chromosomal DNA in cancer genomics, Br J Cancer, vol.110, pp.2615-2637, 2014.

N. Yang, H. Galick, and S. S. Wallace, Attempted base excision repair of ionizing radiation damage in human lymphoblastoid cells produces lethal and mutagenic double strand breaks, DNA Repair, vol.3, pp.1323-1357, 2004.

E. W. Refsland, M. D. Stenglein, K. Shindo, J. S. Albin, W. L. Brown et al., Quantitative profiling of the full APOBEC3 mRNA repertoire in lymphocytes and tissues: implications for HIV-1 restriction, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.38, pp.4274-84, 2010.

P. A. Jones and S. B. Baylin, The Epigenomics of Cancer. Cell, vol.128, pp.683-92, 2007.

D. Franchini, K. Schmitz, and S. K. Petersen-mahrt, 5-Methylcytosine DNA demethylation: more than losing a methyl group, Annu Rev Genet, vol.46, pp.419-460, 2012.

I. B. Rogozin, A. G. Lada, A. Goncearenco, M. R. Green, S. De et al., Activation induced deaminase mutational signature overlaps with CpG methylation sites in follicular lymphoma and other cancers, Sci Rep, vol.6, p.38133, 2016.

A. Shlien, B. B. Campbell, R. De-borja, L. B. Alexandrov, D. Merico et al., Combined hereditary and somatic mutations of replication error repair genes result in rapid onset of ultra-hypermutated cancers, Nat Genet, vol.47, pp.257-62, 2015.

J. C. Castle, M. Loewer, S. Boegel, J. De-graaf, C. Bender et al., Immunomic, genomic and transcriptomic characterization of CT26 colorectal carcinoma, BMC Genomics, vol.15, p.190, 2014.

F. Connor, T. F. Rayner, S. J. Aitken, C. Feig, M. Lukk et al., Mutational landscape of a chemically-induced mouse model of liver cancer, J Hepatol, vol.69, pp.840-50, 2018.

V. Blanc, J. O. Henderson, R. D. Newberry, Y. Xie, S. Cho et al., Deletion of the AU-rich RNA binding protein Apobec-1 reduces intestinal tumor burden in Apc (min) mice, Cancer Res, vol.67, pp.8565-73, 2007.

G. Saraconi, F. Severi, C. Sala, G. Mattiuz, and S. G. Conticello, The RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 induces somatic mutations and a compatible mutational signature is present in esophageal adenocarcinomas, Genome Biol, vol.15, issue.7, p.417, 2014.

A. Niavarani, A. Shahrabi-farahani, M. Sharafkhah, and M. Rassoulzadegan, Pancancer analysis identifies prognostic high-APOBEC1 expression level implicated in cancer in-frame insertions and deletions, Carcinogenesis, vol.39, pp.327-362, 2018.

I. B. Rogozin, A. Roche-lima, A. G. Lada, F. Belinky, I. A. Sidorenko et al., Nucleotide weight matrices reveal ubiquitous mutational footprints of AID/ APOBEC Deaminases in human Cancer genomes, Cancers, vol.11, 2019.

M. Petljak, L. B. Alexandrov, J. S. Brammeld, S. Price, D. C. Wedge et al., Characterizing Mutational Signatures in Human Cancer Cell Lines Reveals Episodic APOBEC Mutagenesis, Cell, vol.176, pp.1282-1294, 2019.

, Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations