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They first develop in the skin at the bite site before they reach the blood and lymph vasculatures, and the entire dermis is an important parasite reservoir. (D) Extravascular trypanosomes (red) imaged in the skin vessels of Flk1-GFP mice (green) using spinning disc confocal microscopy Scale bar: 10 µm. (Capewell et al., 2016). (E) Leishmania spp. are transmitted by the bite of infected Phlebotomine or Lutzomyia sandflies. Neutrophils are recruited to the bite site, and are crucial for the dissemination of parasites. (F) Two-photon IVM still from a LysM-GFP mouse (neutrophils, green) 2h after infection with Leishmania major (red), (red) and draining lymph vessels (green)). (A) Plasmodium parasites are transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes, 2008. ,
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Schistosoma excretory/secretory molecule release (using a fluorescent tracer (green)) during parasite skin invasion. Scale bar = 100µm, 2009. ,