Salmonella enterica serovars Panama and Arechavaleta: Risk Factors for Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Disease in Guadeloupe, French West Indies

Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina (1) , Blandine Muanza (2) , Sylvaine Bastian (2) , Edith Malpote (2) , Pauline Jestin (2) , Meggie Guerin (2) , Antoine Talarmin (1) , François-Xavier Weill (3, 4) , Arnaud Legrand (5) , Sebastien Breurec (1, 3, 4, 6)

1 Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe
2 CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe]
3 BPE - Bactéries pathogènes entériques
4 CNR-ESS - Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella
5 CHU Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes
6 Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe)

A retrospective study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica bac-teremia in infants and children in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. The 171 patients with S. enterica infection seen between 2010 and 2014 included 155 (90.6%) with acute gastroenteritis, of whom 42 (27.1%) had concomitant bac-teremia, and 16 (9.4%) with primary bacteremia. Most cases (97.7%) were in infants and children with no underlying health condition. Two subspecies were recovered: enterica (N = 161, 94.2%) and houtenae (N = 10, 5.8%). All but one (serovar Typhi) were non-typhoidal Salmonella. The most common serovars were Panama (N = 57, 33.3% of isolates) and Arechavaleta (N = 28, 16.4%). Univariate analysis showed a strong association only between age > 6 months and infection with the Panama or Arechavaleta serovar (P = 0.002). The rate of resistance to all classes of antibiotics during the study period was low (< 15%); however, the detection of one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing S. enterica strain highlights the need for continued monitoring of antimicrobial drug susceptibility. Infection with Panama (P < 0.001) or Arechavaleta (P < 0.001) serovar was significantly associated with bacteremia in a multivariate analysis. These serovars are probably poorly adapted to humans or are more virulent. A delay between onset of symptoms and hospital admission > 5 days (P = 0.01), vomiting (P = 0.001), and increased respiratory rate (P = 0.001) contributed independently to bacteremia in the multivariate analysis. Thus, if non-typhoidal infection is suspected, blood should be cultured and antibiotic treatment initiated in all patients who meet these criteria.

Domaines: Bactériologie

Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina, Blandine Muanza, Sylvaine Bastian, Edith Malpote, Pauline Jestin, et al.. Salmonella enterica serovars Panama and Arechavaleta: Risk Factors for Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Disease in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018, 99 (3), pp.584-589. ⟨10.4269/ajtmh.18-0192⟩. ⟨pasteur-02014842⟩