, Anopheles gambiae s.s. female, a major vector of human malaria parasites in tropical Africa. Copyright IRD/Nil Rahola, vol.1

, Culex pipiens female, vector of avian malaria but incompetent to transmit human malaria parasites. Copyright IRD/Nil Rahola

, Further Reading

C. Garrett-jones, The possibility of active long-distance migrations by Anopheles pharoensis Theobald, Bull World Health Organ, vol.27, pp.299-302, 1962.

N. G. Gratz, R. Steffen, and W. Cocksedge, Why aircraft disinsection?, Bull World Health Organ, vol.78, pp.995-1004, 2000.

L. C. Hermitte, Occurrence of Anopheles gambiae (costalis) in Aldabra Islands (Seychelles). Records of the Malaria Survey of India, vol.2, pp.643-657, 1931.

S. A. Juliano and L. P. Lounibos, Ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health, Ecol Lett, vol.8, pp.558-574, 2005.

G. F. Killeen, U. Fillinger, I. Kiche, L. C. Gouagna, and B. G. Knols, Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons for malaria control in Africa?, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.2, pp.618-627, 2002.

L. P. Lounibos, Invasions by insect vectors of human disease, Annu Rev Entomol, vol.47, pp.233-266, 2002.

J. Mouchet, T. Giacomini, and J. Julvez, Human diffusion of arthropod disease vectors throughout the world, Santé, vol.5, pp.293-298, 1995.

A. J. Tatem, S. I. Hay, and D. J. Rogers, Global traffic and disease vector dispersal, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.103, pp.6242-6247, 2006.

A. J. Tatem, D. J. Rogers, and S. I. Hay, Estimating the malaria risk of African mosquito movement by air travel, Malar J, vol.5, p.57, 2006.

C. Van-riper, S. G. Van-riper, M. L. Goff, and M. Laird, The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian land birds, Ecological Monographs, vol.56, pp.327-344, 1986.