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The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Paul Thompson 1 Jason Stein 2 Sarah Medland 3 Derrek Hibar 4 Alejandro Vasquez Miguel Renteria Roberto Toro 5 Neda Jahanshad 2 Gunter Schumann 6 Barbara Franke 7 Margaret Wright 8 Nicholas Martin 9 Ingrid Agartz 10 Martin Alda 11 Saud Alhusaini 12 Laura Almasy 13 Jorge Almeida 14 Kathryn Alpert Nancy Andreasen Ole Andreassen 10 Liana Apostolova Katja Appel 15 Nicola Armstrong Benjamin Aribisala Mark Bastin 16 Michael Bauer 17 Carrie Bearden 7 Ørjan Bergmann Elisabeth Binder 18 John Blangero 19 Henry Bockholt Erlend Bøen Catherine Bois Dorret Boomsma 3 Tom Booth Ian Bowman Janita Bralten 20 Rachel Brouwer 21 Han Brunner 22 David Brohawn Randy Buckner 23 Jan Buitelaar 24 Kazima Bulayeva 25 Juan Bustillo Vince Calhoun Dara Cannon 26 Rita Cantor 27 Melanie Carless Xavier Caseras Gianpiero Cavalleri M. Mallar Chakravarty 28 Kiki Chang Christopher Ching 29 Andrea Christoforou Sven Cichon 27 Vincent Clark Patricia Conrod 6 Giovanni Coppola 30 Benedicto Crespo-Facorro 31 Joanne Curran Michael Czisch 32 Ian Deary 3 Eco de Geus 3 Anouk den Braber 33 Giuseppe Delvecchio Chantal Depondt 34 Lieuwe de Haan 35 Greig de Zubicaray 36 Danai Dima 37 Rali Dimitrova Srdjan Djurovic 38 Hongwei Dong Gary Donohoe 26 Ravindranath Duggirala Thomas Dyer 39 Stefan Ehrlich 40 Carl Ekman Torbjørn Elvsåshagen Louise Emsell Susanne Erk 41 Thomas Espeseth 38 Jesen Fagerness Scott Fears Iryna Fedko Guillén Fernández 20 Simon Fisher 42 Tatiana Foroud 43 Peter Fox 39 Clyde Francks 44 Sophia Frangou 45 Eva Frey 46 Thomas Frodl 47 Vincent Frouin 48 Hugh Garavan 49 Sudheer Giddaluru 50 David Glahn 51 Beata Godlewska Rita Goldstein 52 Randy Gollub 53 Hans Grabe 54 Oliver Grimm 55 Oliver Gruber 29 Tulio Guadalupe 56 Raquel Gur Ruben Gur Harald Göring Saskia Hagenaars 29 Tomas Hajek Geoffrey Hall Jérémy Hall 16 John Hardy 57 Catharina Hartman 3 Johanna Hass 58 Sean Hatton Unn Haukvik Katrin Hegenscheid 59 Andreas Heinz 60 Ian Hickie 61 Beng-Choon Ho 62 David Hoehn 63 Pieter Hoekstra 64 Marisa Hollinshead Avram Holmes 65 Georg Homuth 66 Martine Hoogman 67 L Hong Norbert Hosten 59 Jouke-Jan Hottenga 3 Hilleke Hulshoff Pol 68 Kristy Hwang Clifford Jack 69 Mark Jenkinson 70 Caroline Johnston 71 Erik Jönsson Rene Kahn 72 Dalia Kasperaviciute 73 Sinead Kelly 74 Sungeun Kim 75 Peter Kochunov 76 Laura Koenders Bernd Krämer John Kwok Jim Lagopoulos Gonzalo Laje 26 Mikael Landén 77 Bennett Landman John Lauriello Stephen Lawrie Phil Lee 78 Stephanie Le Hellard 50 Hervé Lemaître 79 Cassandra Leonardo Chiang-Shan Li Benny Liberg David Liewald Xinmin Liu 80 Lorna Lopez 3 Eva Loth 81 Anbarasu Lourdusamy 6 Michelle Luciano 3 Fabio Macciardi 82 Marise Machielsen Glenda Macqueen Ulrik Malt René Mandl 68 Dara Manoach Jean-Luc Martinot 83 Mar Matarin 84 Karen Mather 85 Manuel Mattheisen 27 Morten Mattingsdal 10 Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg 41 Colm Mcdonald 86 Andrew Mcintosh 87 Francis Mcmahon 26 Katie Mcmahon 88 Eva Meisenzahl 47 Ingrid Melle 89 Yuri Milaneschi 90 Sebastian Mohnke 60 Grant Montgomery 3 Derek Morris 26 Eric Moses Bryon Mueller Susana Muñoz Maniega 91 Thomas Mühleisen 27 Bertram Müller-Myhsok 92 Benson Mwangi 29 Matthias Nauck 93 Kwangsik Nho 94 Thomas Nichols 95 Lars-Göran Nilsson Allison Nugent Lars Nyberg 96 Rene Olvera Jaap Oosterlaan 91 Roel Ophoff 97 Massimo Pandolfo 34 Melina Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou Martina Papmeyer 16 Tomas Paus 98 Zdenka Pausova 99 Godfrey Pearlson Brenda Penninx 26 Charles Peterson Andrea Pfennig 100 Mary Phillips 101 G. Bruce Pike 98 Jean-Baptiste Poline 102 Steven Potkin Benno Pütz 103 Adaikalavan Ramasamy 104 Jerod Rasmussen Marcella Rietschel 27 Mark Rijpkema 105 Shannon Risacher Joshua Roffman Roberto Roiz-Santiañez 31 Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth 60 Emma Rose 106 Natalie Royle Dan Rujescu 3 Mina Ryten 107 Perminder Sachdev 108 Alireza Salami 109 Theodore Satterthwaite 110 Jonathan Savitz Andrew Saykin 60 Cathy Scanlon Lianne Schmaal 90 Hugo Schnack Andrew Schork 111 S Schulz Remmelt Schür Larry Seidman Li Shen 112 Jody Shoemaker Andrew Simmons 113 Sanjay Sisodiya 114 Colin Smith 115 Jordan Smoller 116 Jair Soares Scott Sponheim Emma Sprooten 51 John Starr Vidar Steen 117 Stephen Strakowski Lachlan Strike Jessika Sussmann Philipp Sämann Alexander Teumer 91 Arthur Toga 1 Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez 91 Daniah Trabzuni 118 Sarah Trost Jessica Turner 119 Martijn van den Heuvel 21 Nic van der Wee Kristel van Eijk 68 Theo van Erp 120 Neeltje van Haren Dennis van ’t Ent 91 Marie-Jose van Tol 121 Maria Valdés Hernández Dick Veltman 90 Amelia Versace 101 Henry Völzke 122 Robert Walker 123 Henrik Walter 41 Lei Wang 124 Joanna Wardlaw 16 Michael Weale Michael Weiner 125 Wei Wen 126 Lars Westlye 127 Heather Whalley Christopher Whelan 2 Tonya White 128 Anderson Winkler Katharina Wittfeld 129 Girma Woldehawariat 80 Christiane Wolf 130 David Zilles 131 Marcel Zwiers 20 Anbupalam Thalamuthu 132 Peter Schofield 133 Nelson Freimer 134 Natalia Lawrence 135 Wayne Drevets 26
1 LONI - Laboratory of Neuro Imaging [Los Angeles]
2 David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles]
3 Medstar Research Institute
4 Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles]
5 Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
6 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
7 Department of Psychiatry
8 Genetic Epidemiology Lab [Brisbane]
9 UCM - Complutense University of Madrid
10 KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research
11 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
12 Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics
13 Department of Genetics
14 UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO - Departamento de Matemática Pura, Faculdade de Ciências
15 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
16 University of Edinburgh
17 Center for Sepsis Control & Care
18 Division Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry
19 Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, Texas]
20 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
21 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
22 Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]
23 Department of Psychiatry [Boston]
24 Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre
25 N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
26 Human Genetics Branch
27 Department of Genomics
28 Douglas Mental Health University Institute
29 sans affiliation
30 Università degli Studi di Salermo
31 CIBER-SAM - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid]
32 Bijvoet Center of Biomolecular Research
33 Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam & EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
34 Department of Neurology
35 Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
36 School of Psychology, University of Queensland
37 Department of Hematology
38 UiO - University of Oslo
39 UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
40 MetaGenoPolis
41 Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology
42 Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme
43 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
44 Language and Genetics Department [Nijmegen]
45 MSSM - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]
46 Division of Hemato-Oncology
47 Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
48 NEUROSPIN - Service NEUROSPIN
49 University of Vermont [Burlington]
50 Haukeland University Hospital
51 Dpt of Psychiatry [New Haven]
52 Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry
53 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
54 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
55 Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim
56 IMPRS - International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences
57 Lancaster University
58 Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]
59 Greifswald University Hospital
60 Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin
61 Clinical Research Unit
62 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa
63 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
64 UMCG - University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen]
65 Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]
66 Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics
67 Mental Health Sciences Unit
68 University Medical Center [Utrecht]
69 Department of Radiology [Rochester]
70 Department of Clinical Neurology [Oxford]
71 Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior
72 BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée
73 Department of Medicine
74 MetaCase [Jyväskylä]
75 SRSMC - Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes
76 Department of Psychiatry
77 Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg]
78 BROAD INSTITUTE - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
79 UCP - Université de Cergy Pontoise
80 NIH - National Institutes of Health [Bethesda]
81 Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences
King‘s College London
82 UCI - University of California [Irvine]
83 U1000 - Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie
84 Clinical And Experimental Epilepsy
85 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
86 Department of Life Sciences
87 MSI - Mathematical Sciences Institute
88 Centre for Advanced Imaging
89 Division of Mental Health and Addiction
90 Department of Psychiatry
91 Metacohorts Consortium
92 Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM); Department of Cell Therapy
93 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
94 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center
95 Department of Statistics [Warwick]
96 Department of Health Science, Division of Health and Rehabilitation
97 Department of Psychiatry
98 MNI - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
99 Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
100 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
101 Department of Psychiatry
102 PARIETAL - Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data
Inria Saclay - Ile de France, NEUROSPIN - Service NEUROSPIN
103 Statistical Genetics Group
104 Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health
105 Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging
106 IPCM - Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
107 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
108 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing
109 Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
110 University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]
111 Department of Cognitive Sciences [San Diego]
112 Indiana University School of Medicine
113 Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences
114 Institute of Neurology [London]
115 UMR LSTM - Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes
116 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research
117 UIB - University of Bergen
118 Department of Genetics
119 Georgia State University
120 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior [Irvine]
121 Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
122 Institute for Community Medicine
123 UNSW - School of Music and Music Education
124 Science & Technology Information Institute
125 UCSF - University of California [San Francisco]
126 Department of Physics [Kowloon]
127 Department of Psychology [Oslo]
128 Research Laboratory for Archaeology & the History of Art
129 DZNE - German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
130 Dundee Technopole
131 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
132 Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
133 Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute
134 Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics
135 Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
Abstract : The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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Paul Thompson, Jason Stein, Sarah Medland, Derrek Hibar, Alejandro Vasquez, et al.. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data. Brain imaging and behavior (Brain Imaging Behav), Secaucus, NJ : Springer, 2014, 8 (2), pp.152-182. ⟨10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5⟩. ⟨pasteur-01967166⟩

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