, The World Health Report, World Health Organization. World Health Organization, p.144, 2001.

B. Bloom, Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Protection, and Control, 1994.

A. Van-rie, R. Warren, M. Richardson, T. C. Victor, R. P. Gie et al., Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Recurrent Tuberculosis after Curative Treatment, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.341, issue.16, p.1174, 1999.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199910143411602

C. Whalen, C. R. Horsburgh, D. Hom, C. Lahart, M. Simberkoff et al., Accelerated course of human immunodeficiency virus infection after tuberculosis., American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.151, issue.1, p.129, 1995.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.151.1.7812542

J. W. Pape, S. S. Jean, J. L. Ho, A. Hafner, and W. D. Johnson, Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection, The Lancet, vol.342, issue.8866, p.268, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91817-6

E. L. Corbett, C. J. Watt, N. Walker, D. Maher, B. G. Williams et al., The Growing Burden of Tuberculosis, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.163, issue.9, p.1009, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.163.9.1009

J. W. Mellors, A. Munoz, J. V. Giorgi, J. B. Margolick, C. J. Tassoni et al., Plasma Viral Load and CD4+ Lymphocytes as Prognostic Markers of HIV-1 Infection, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.126, issue.12, p.946, 1997.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00003

J. W. Mellors, C. R. Rinaldo, J. , P. Gupta, R. M. White et al., Prognosis in HIV-1 Infection Predicted by the Quantity of Virus in Plasma, Science, vol.272, issue.5265, p.141167, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.272.5265.1167

V. A. Boussiotis, E. Y. Tsai, E. J. Yunis, S. Thim, J. C. Delgado et al., IL-10???producing T cells suppress immune responses in anergic tuberculosis patients, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.105, issue.9, p.1317, 2000.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI9918
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01837016

J. C. Delgado, E. Y. Tsai, S. Thim, A. Baena, V. A. Boussiotis et al., Antigen-specific and persistent tuberculin anergy in a cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from rural Cambodia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, p.7576, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13227
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01836893

H. Rubsamen-waigmann, H. Von-briesen, H. Holmes, A. Bjorndal, B. Korber et al., Standard Conditions of Virus Isolation Reveal Biological Variability of HIV Type 1 in Different Regions of the World, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.10, issue.11, p.1401, 1994.
DOI : 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1401

C. M. Rodenburg, Y. Li, S. A. Trask, Y. Chen, J. Decker et al., Near Full-Length Clones and Reference Sequences for Subtype C Isolates of HIV Type 1 from Three Different Continents, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.17, issue.2, p.161, 2001.
DOI : 10.1089/08892220150217247

A. Bjorndal, H. Deng, M. Jansson, J. R. Fiore, C. Colognesi et al., Coreceptor usage of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates varies according to biological phenotype, J. Virol, vol.71, p.7478, 1997.

R. H. Schwartz, Models of T cell anergy: is there a common molecular mechanism?, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.184, issue.1, 1996.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.184.1.1

H. Groux, M. Bigler, J. E. De-vries, and M. G. Roncarolo, Interleukin-10 induces a long-term antigen-specific anergic state in human CD4+ T cells, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.184, issue.1, p.19, 1996.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.184.1.19

H. Groux, A. O. Garra, M. Bigler, M. Rouleau, S. Antonenko et al., A CD4+T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis, Nature, vol.389, issue.6652, p.737, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-22038-2_16

A. Fauci, Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease, Nature, vol.384, issue.6609, p.529, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/384529a0

M. I. Bukrinsky, T. L. Stanwick, M. P. Dempsey, and M. Stevenson, Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection, Science, vol.254, issue.5030, p.423, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1925601

O. Ramilo, K. D. Bell, J. W. Uhr, and E. S. Vitetta, Role of CD25 and CD25 T cells in acute HIV infection in vitro, J. Immunol, vol.150, p.5202, 1993.

A. Kinter, J. Arthos, C. Cicala, and A. S. Fauci, Chemokines, cytokines and HIV: a complex network of interactions that influence HIV pathogenesis, Immunological Reviews, vol.177, issue.1, p.88, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2000.17708.x

R. Barthel, A. V. Tsytsykova, A. K. Barczak, E. Y. Tsai, C. C. Dascher et al., Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene Expression by Mycobacteria Involves the Assembly of a Unique Enhanceosome Dependent on the Coactivator Proteins CBP/p300, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.23, issue.2, p.526, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.23.2.526-533.2003

S. H. Kaufmann, How can immunology contribute to the control of tuberculosis?, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.97, issue.1, p.20, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.250480397

N. V. Serbina, V. Lazarevic, and J. L. Flynn, CD4+ T Cells Are Required for the Development of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection, The Journal of Immunology, vol.167, issue.12, p.6991, 2001.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6991
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/167/12/6991.full.pdf

L. Zhang, W. Yu, T. He, J. Yu, R. E. Caffrey et al., Contribution of Human ??-Defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of CD8 Antiviral Factor, Contribution of human -defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8 antiviral factor, p.995, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.052706399

C. M. Walker, D. J. Moody, D. P. Stites, and J. A. Levy, CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication, Science, vol.234, issue.4783, p.1563, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2431484

S. A. Migueles, A. C. Laborico, W. L. Shupert, M. S. Sabbaghian, R. Rabin et al., HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors, Nature Immunology, vol.182, issue.11, p.1061, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00050-K

S. E. Weis, P. C. Slocum, F. X. Blais, B. King, M. Nunn et al., The Effect of Directly Observed Therapy on the Rates of Drug Resistance and Relapse in Tuberculosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.330, issue.17, p.1179, 1994.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199404283301702

B. Asjo, L. Morfeldt-manson, J. Albert, G. Biberfeld, A. Karlsson et al., Replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus from patients with varying severity of HIV infection, Lancet, vol.2, p.660, 1986.

S. Schwartz, B. K. Felber, E. M. Fenyo, and G. N. Pavlakis, Rapidly and slowly replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates can be distinguished according to target-cell tropism in T-cell and monocyte cell lines., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, p.7200, 1989.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/86/18/7200.full.pdf

V. Novitsky, P. Gilbert, T. Peter, M. F. Mclane, S. Gaolekwe et al., Association between Virus-Specific T-Cell Responses and Plasma Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.2, p.882, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.2.882-890.2003
URL : http://jvi.asm.org/content/77/2/882.full.pdf

H. Schuitemaker, M. Koot, N. A. Kootstra, M. W. Dercksen, R. E. De-goede et al., Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T-cell-tropic virus population, J. Virol, vol.66, p.1354, 1992.

M. Koot, I. P. Keet, A. H. Vos, R. E. De-goede, M. T. Roos et al., Prognostic Value of HIV-1 Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype for Rate of CD4+ Cell Depletion and Progression to AIDS, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.118, issue.9, p.681, 1993.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00004

, Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.161, p.221, 2000.

G. Nabel and D. Baltimore, An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells, Nature, vol.326, issue.6114, p.711, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/326711a0

N. Israel, U. Hazan, J. Alcami, A. Munier, F. Arenzana-seisdedos et al., Tumor necrosis factor stimulates transcription of HIV-1 in human T lymphocytes, independently and synergistically with mitogens, J. Immunol, vol.143, p.3956, 1989.

E. Barker, K. N. Bossart, and J. A. Levy, Primary CD8 cells from HIVinfected individuals can suppress productive infection of macrophages independent of -chemokines, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, p.1725, 1998.

B. D. Walker, E. S. Rosenberg, C. M. Hay, N. Basgoz, and O. O. Yang, Immune Control of HIV-1 Replication, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.452, p.159, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5355-7_17

J. Lieberman, P. Shankar, N. Manjunath, and J. Andersson, Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection, Blood, vol.98, issue.6, p.1667, 2001.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V98.6.1667

H. Groux, M. Bigler, J. E. De-vries, and M. G. Roncarolo, Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of IL-10 on human CD8 T cells, J. Immunol, vol.160, p.3188, 1998.