, Figure 2 Phylogenetic analysis of the 1,599 nucleotides of the N gene coding domain sequence from the Nipah virus Cambodian isolate, members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and 2 species of the subfamily Pneumovirinae used as outgroups. GenBank accessions numbers used are as follows: APMV-6: Avian paramyxovirus 6, AY029299; CDV: Canine distemper virus, 14953.

, Dolphin distemper virus, X75961; HeV: Hendra virus, AF017149; HPIV-1: Human parainfluenza virus 1, DMV, 11070.

, HPIV-3: Human parainfluenza virus 3, D10025; HPIV4a: Parainfluenza virus type 4A, M32982; HPIV4b: Parainfluenza virus type 4B, M32983; HRSV: Human respiratory syncytial virus, X00001; MeV: Measles virus, K01711; MPRV: Mapuera virus, X85128; Menangle: Menangle virus, AF326114; Mossman: Mossman virus, AY286409; MuV: Mumps virus, D86172

. Niv, Nipah virus, AF212302; PDV: Phocid distemper virus

, Peste des Petits ruminants virus, X74443; RPV: Rinder pest virus, X68311; Salem: Salem virus, AF237881; SeV: Sendai virus, X00087; SV5: Simian virus 5, M81442; TiV: Tioman virus, AF298895; TPMV: Tupaia paramyxovirus, AF079780; TRTV: Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus, AY640317. Significant bootstrap values (>70%) are indicated. The phylogram was generated by parsimony method and analyzing 100 bootstrap replicates, PPRV

, References 1. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [database on the Internet], 2004.

K. Murray, P. Selleck, P. Hooper, A. Hyatt, A. Gould et al., A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans, Science, vol.268, issue.5207, pp.94-101, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7701348

L. Selvey, R. Wells, J. Mccormack, A. Ansford, K. Murray et al., Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus, Med J Aust, vol.162, pp.642-647, 1995.

O. Sullivan, J. Allworth, A. Paterson, D. Snow, T. Boots et al., Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses, The Lancet, vol.349, issue.9045, pp.93-98, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06162-4

N. Paton, Y. Leo, S. Zaki, A. Auchus, K. Lee et al., Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore, The Lancet, vol.354, issue.9186, pp.1253-1259, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04379-2

K. Chua, Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.26, issue.3, pp.265-75, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00268-8

, World Health Organization Nipah virus outbreak(s) in Bangladesh, Wkly Epidemiol Rec, vol.79, pp.168-71, 2004.

V. Hsu, M. Hossain, U. Parashar, M. Ali, T. Ksiazek et al., Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.10, issue.12, pp.2082-2089, 2004.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1012.040701

P. Young, K. Halpin, P. Selleck, H. Field, J. Gravel et al., Serologic Evidence for the Presence in Pteropus Bats of a Paramyxovirus Related to Equine Morbillivirus, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.2, issue.3, pp.239-279, 1996.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0203.960315

K. Halpin, P. Young, H. Field, and J. Mackenzie, Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus, Journal of General Virology, vol.2, issue.8, pp.1927-1959, 2000.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0203.960315

M. Johara, H. Field, A. Rashdi, C. Moissy, B. Van-der-heide et al., Nipah virus infection in bats (Order Chiroptera) in Peninsular Malaysia, Emerg Infect Dis, vol.7, pp.439-480, 2001.

K. Chua, C. Koh, P. Hooi, K. Wee, J. Khong et al., Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes, Microbes and Infection, vol.4, issue.2, pp.145-51, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01522-2

, Emerging Infectious Diseases ? www.cdc.gov/eid ?, vol.11, issue.7, 2005.

A. Philbey, P. Kirkland, A. Ross, R. Davis, A. Gleeson et al., An Apparently New Virus (Family Paramyxoviridae) Infectious for Pigs, Humans, and Fruit Bats, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.2, pp.269-71, 1998.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0402.980214

K. Chua, L. Wang, S. Lam, G. Crameri, M. Yu et al., Tioman Virus, a Novel Paramyxovirus Isolated from Fruit Bats in Malaysia, Virology, vol.283, issue.2, pp.215-244, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.2000.0882

K. Koopman, Mammal species of the world: a taxonomy and geographic reference, pp.137-241, 1992.

J. Olson, C. Rupprecht, P. Rollin, U. An, M. Niezgoda et al., , Cambodia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.9, pp.987-988, 2002.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0809.010515

J. Reynes, S. Molia, L. Audry, S. Hout, S. Ngin et al., Serologic Evidence of Lyssavirus Infection in Bats, Cambodia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.10, issue.12, pp.2231-2235, 2004.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1012.040459

URL : https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/12/pdfs/04-0459.pdf

K. Chua, A novel approach for collecting samples from fruit bats for isolation of infectious agents, Microbes and Infection, vol.5, issue.6, pp.487-90, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00067-4

C. Rossi and T. Ksiazek, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Manual of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Seoul: WHO Collaborating Center for Virus Reference and Research, pp.87-91, 1999.

V. Guillaume, H. Contamin, P. Loth, M. Georges-courbot, A. Lefeuvre et al., Nipah Virus: Vaccination and Passive Protection Studies in a Hamster Model, Journal of Virology, vol.78, issue.2, pp.834-874, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.78.2.834-840.2004

URL : http://jvi.asm.org/content/78/2/834.full.pdf

K. Chua, W. Bellini, P. Rota, B. Harcourt, A. Tamin et al., Nipah Virus: A Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus, Science, vol.288, issue.5470, pp.1432-1437, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.288.5470.1432

S. Rozen and H. Skaletsky, Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers Bioinformatics methods and protocols in the series, Methods in Molecular Biology. Totowa (NJ, pp.365-86, 2000.

J. Thompson, D. Higgins, and T. Gibson, CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.22, issue.22, pp.4673-80, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673

URL : https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/22/22/4673/7122285/22-22-4673.pdf

J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP: phylogeny inference package, version 3, 2002.

P. Daniels, T. Ksiazek, and B. Eaton, Laboratory diagnosis of Nipahand Hendra virus infections, Microbes and Infection, vol.3, issue.4, pp.289-95, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01382-X

D. Gill, S. Takai, A. Portner, and D. Kingsbury, Mapping of antigenic domains of Sendai virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli, J Virol, vol.62, pp.4805-4813, 1988.

Y. Chan, C. Koh, S. Lam, and L. Wang, Mapping of domains responsible for nucleocapsid protein-phosphoprotein interaction of henipaviruses, Journal of General Virology, vol.85, issue.6, pp.1675-84, 2004.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.19752-0

B. Harcourt, A. Tamin, T. Kziazek, P. Rollin, L. Anderson et al., Molecular Characterization of Nipah Virus, a Newly Emergent Paramyxovirus, Virology, vol.271, issue.2, pp.334-343, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.2000.0340

URL : https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0340

K. Wong, I. Grosjean, C. Brisson, B. Blanquier, M. Fevre-montange et al., A Golden Hamster Model for Human Acute Nipah Virus Infection, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.163, issue.5, pp.2127-2164, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63569-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00313149

. Address and . Jean-marc-reynes, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Ambatofotsikely, 101 Antananarivo, République de Madagascar; fax: 261-20-22-407-17; email: jmreynes@pasteur.mg Nipah Virus in Flying Foxes