M. Bellissent-funel, Water Determines the Structure and Dynamics of Proteins, Chemical Reviews, vol.116, issue.13, pp.7673-7697, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00664

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01498000

K. Kreuer, S. J. Paddison, E. Spohr, and M. Schuster, Transport in Proton Conductors for Fuel-Cell Applications:?? Simulations, Elementary Reactions, and Phenomenology, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.10, pp.4637-4678, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr020715f

K. A. Mauritz and R. B. Moore, State of Understanding of Nafion, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.10, pp.4535-4586, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr0207123

M. A. Hickner, H. Ghassemi, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, and J. Mcgrath, Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs), Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.10, pp.4587-4612, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr020711a

G. Gebel and O. Diat, Neutron and X-ray Scattering: Suitable Tools for Studying Ionomer Membranes, Fuel Cells, vol.46, issue.324, pp.261-276, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp9623047

S. Lyonnard and G. Gebel, Neutrons for fuel cell membranes: Structure, sorption and transport properties, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, vol.12, issue.23, pp.195-211, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S1383-5866(00)00184-2

T. Gierke, G. Munn, and F. Wilson, The morphology in nafion perfluorinated membrane products, as determined by wide- and small-angle x-ray studies, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1687-1704, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1981.180191103

L. Rubatat, A. L. Rollet, G. Gebel, and O. Diat, Evidence of Elongated Polymeric Aggregates in Nafion, Macromolecules, vol.35, issue.10, pp.4050-4055, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/ma011578b

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560410

P. Choi, N. H. Jalani, and R. Datta, Thermodynamics and Proton Transport in Nafion, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.42, issue.3, pp.84-89, 2005.
DOI : 10.1149/1.1855872

M. Lee, Effects of block length and solution-casting conditions on the final morphology and properties of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymer films for proton exchange membranes, Polymer, vol.50, issue.25, pp.6129-6138, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.10.023

J. Liu, N. Suraweera, D. J. Keffer, S. Cui, and S. J. Paddison, On the Relationship between Polymer Electrolyte Structure and Hydrated Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.114, issue.25, pp.11279-11292, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/jp911972e

J. K. Park, J. Li, G. M. Divoux, L. A. Madsen, and R. B. Moore, Oriented Morphology and Anisotropic Transport in Uniaxially Stretched Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes, Macromolecules, vol.44, issue.14, pp.5701-5710, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/ma200865p

K. Kreuer and G. Portale, A Critical Revision of the Nano-Morphology of Proton Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications, Advanced Functional Materials, vol.37, issue.43, pp.5390-5397, 2013.
DOI : 10.1080/00222349808220492

E. Negro, M. Vittadello, K. Vezzù, S. J. Paddison, and V. Di-noto, The influence of the cationic form and degree of hydration on the structure of Nafion???, Solid State Ionics, vol.252, pp.84-92, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssi.2013.09.017

J. Perrin, S. Lyonnard, and F. Volino, Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Study of Water Dynamics in Hydrated Nafion Membranes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.111, issue.8, pp.3393-3404, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp065039q

D. T. Hallinan, . Jr, M. G. De-angelis, G. Baschetti, M. Sarti et al., Non-Fickian Diffusion of Water in Nafion, Macromolecules, vol.43, issue.10, pp.4667-4678, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/ma100047z

X. Luo, S. Holdcroft, A. Mani, Y. Zhang, and Z. Shi, Water, proton, and oxygen transport in high IEC, short side chain PFSA ionomer membranes: consequences of a frustrated network, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.330, issue.40, pp.18055-18062, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.056

L. Maldonado, J. Perrin, J. Dillet, and O. Lottin, Characterization of polymer electrolyte Nafion membranes: Influence of temperature, heat treatment and drying protocol on sorption and transport properties, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.389, pp.43-56, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.014

D. Bernardina and S. , Mechanism of Ionization, Hydration, and Intermolecular H-Bonding in Proton Conducting Nanostructured Ionomers, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.118, issue.44, pp.25468-25479, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/jp5074818

K. A. Page, B. W. Rowe, K. A. Masser, and A. Faraone, The effect of water content on chain dynamics in nafion membranes measured by neutron spin echo and dielectric spectroscopy, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.49, issue.Pts 1-3, pp.624-632, 2014.
DOI : 10.1039/c2cc37173a

Q. Berrod, QENS investigation of proton confined motions in hydrated perfluorinated sulfonic membranes and self-assembled surfactants, EPJ Web of Conferences, vol.83, p.2002, 2015.
DOI : 10.1051/epjconf/20158302002

Q. Berrod, Nanostructure and Transport Properties of Proton Conducting Self-Assembled Perfluorinated Surfactants: A Bottom-Up Approach toward PFSA Fuel Cell Membranes, Macromolecules, vol.48, issue.17, pp.6166-6176, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00770

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196205

S. Paddison, The modeling of molecular structure and ion transport in sulfonic acid based ionomer membranes, Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, vol.4, pp.197-208, 2001.

N. Idupulapati, R. Devanathan, and M. Dupuis, Ab Initio Study of Hydration and Proton Dissociation in Ionomer Membranes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.114, issue.25, pp.6904-6912, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/jp1027178

J. K. Clark and S. J. Ii-&-paddison, Proton dissociation and transfer in proton exchange membrane ionomers with multiple and distinct pendant acid groups: An ab initio study, Electrochimica Acta, vol.101, pp.279-292, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.138

S. Vartak, A. Roudgar, A. Golovnev, and M. Eikerling, Collective Proton Dynamics at Highly Charged Interfaces Studied by Ab Initio Metadynamics, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.117, issue.2, pp.583-588, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/jp308313v

R. Devanathan, A. Venkatnathan, and M. Dupuis, Atomistic Simulation of Nafion Membrane. 2. Dynamics of Water Molecules and Hydronium Ions, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.111, issue.45, pp.13006-13013, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0761057

R. Devanathan, A. Venkatnathan, and M. Dupuis, Atomistic Simulation of Nafion Membrane:?? I. Effect of Hydration on Membrane Nanostructure, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.111, issue.28, pp.8069-8079, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0726992

A. Venkatnathan, R. Devanathan, and M. Dupuis, Atomistic Simulations of Hydrated Nafion and Temperature Effects on Hydronium Ion Mobility, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.111, issue.25, pp.7234-7244, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0700276

R. Devanathan and M. Dupuis, Insight from molecular modelling: does the polymer side chain length matter for transport properties of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes?, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.134, issue.32, pp.11281-11295, 2012.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3548663

K. Malek, Nanophase segregation and water dynamics in hydrated Nafion: Molecular modeling and experimental validation, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.5, issue.20, p.204702, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ma051353r

S. Feng, J. Savage, and G. A. Voth, Effects of Polymer Morphology on Proton Solvation and Transport in Proton-Exchange Membranes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.116, issue.36, pp.19104-19116, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jp304783z

K. B. Daly, J. B. Benziger, P. G. Debenedetti, and A. Panagiotopoulos, Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water Sorption in a Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.117, issue.41, pp.12649-12660, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/jp405440r

J. Savage and G. A. Voth, Persistent subdiffusive proton transport in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes. The journal of physical chemistry letters 5, pp.3037-3042, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/jz5014467

S. Hanot, S. Lyonnard, and S. Mossa, Water confined in self-assembled ionic surfactant nano-structures, Soft Matter, vol.19, issue.12, pp.2469-2478, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199805)19:7<726::AID-JCC4>3.0.CO;2-S

S. Hanot, S. Lyonnard, and S. Mossa, Sub-diffusion and population dynamics of water confined in soft environments, Nanoscale, vol.111, issue.17, pp.3314-3325, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/jp065039q

C. Arntsen, J. Savage, Y. Tse, and G. Voth, Simulation of Proton Transport in Proton Exchange Membranes with Reactive Molecular Dynamics, Fuel Cells, vol.180, issue.6, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssi.2008.12.035

J. Savage and G. A. Voth, Proton Solvation and Transport in Realistic Proton Exchange Membrane Morphologies, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.120, issue.6, pp.3176-3186, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11168

M. Ghelichi, K. Malek, and M. H. Eikerling, Ionomer Self-Assembly in Dilute Solution Studied by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics, Macromolecules, vol.49, issue.4, pp.1479-1489, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02158

D. Wu, S. J. Paddison, and J. A. Elliott, A comparative study of the hydrated morphologies of perfluorosulfonic acid fuel cell membranes with mesoscopic simulations, Energy & Environmental Science, vol.53, issue.2, pp.284-293, 2008.
DOI : 10.1515/REVCE.2006.22.3.125

D. Wu, S. J. Paddison, and J. A. Elliott, Effect of Molecular Weight on Hydrated Morphologies of the Short-Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane, Macromolecules, vol.42, issue.9, pp.3358-3367, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ma900016w

A. Z. Weber, A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol.161, issue.12, pp.1254-1299, 2014.
DOI : 10.1149/2.0751412jes

S. Liu, J. Savage, and G. A. Voth, Mesoscale Study of Proton Transport in Proton Exchange Membranes: Role of Morphology, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.119, issue.4, pp.1753-1762, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/jp511830f

M. H. Eikerling and K. Malek, Physical modeling of materials for PEFCs: A balancing act of water and complex morphologies, Proton Exchange Membranes Fuel Cells, 2009.

M. Eikerling and A. Kornyshev, Proton transfer in a single pore of a polymer electrolyte membrane, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol.502, issue.1-2, pp.1-14, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00368-5

D. Borges, D. Franco, A. A. Malek, K. Gebel, G. Mossa et al., Inhomogeneous Transport in Model Hydrated Polymer Electrolyte Supported Ultrathin Films, ACS Nano, vol.7, issue.8, pp.6767-6773, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/nn401624p

D. Borges, D. Gebel, G. Franco, A. A. Malek, K. Mossa et al., Correction to ???Morphology of Supported Polymer Electrolyte Ultrathin Films: A Numerical Study???, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.119, issue.21, pp.1201-1216, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04002

B. Smitha, S. Sridhar, and A. Khan, Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications???a review, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.259, issue.1-2, pp.10-26, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.035

R. Hiesgen, Microscopic Analysis of Current and Mechanical Properties of Nafion?? Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy, Membranes, vol.9, issue.4, pp.783-803, 2012.
DOI : 10.1039/b617516c

S. Lyonnard, Perfluorinated surfactants as model charged systems for understanding the effect of confinement on proton transport and water mobility in fuel cell membranes. A study by QENS, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, vol.110, issue.1, pp.205-216, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.198202082

K. Schmidt-rohr and Q. Chen, Parallel cylindrical water nanochannels in Nafion fuel-cell membranes, Nature Materials, vol.20, issue.1, pp.75-83, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp066388n

F. I. Allen, Morphology of Hydrated As-Cast Nafion Revealed through Cryo Electron Tomography, ACS Macro Letters, vol.4, issue.1, pp.1-5, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/mz500606h

URL : http://doi.org/10.1021/mz500606h

M. Fumagalli, Fast Water Diffusion and Long-Term Polymer Reorganization during Nafion Membrane Hydration Evidenced by Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.119, issue.23, pp.7068-7076, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01220

H. Fay, Polymorphism of Natural Fatty Acid Liquid Crystalline Phases, Langmuir, vol.28, issue.1, pp.272-282, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/la203841y

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00662769

M. Dubois and T. Zemb, Swelling limits for bilayer microstructures: the implosion of lamellar structure versus disordered lamellae, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, vol.5, issue.1-2, pp.27-37, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-0294(00)00032-7

Q. Berrod, Enhanced ionic liquid mobility induced by confinement in 1D CNT membranes, Nanoscale, vol.7, issue.15, pp.7845-7848, 2016.
DOI : 10.1039/C5NR03319E

E. Mamontov, Dynamics of water in LiCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions confined in silica matrices: A backscattering neutron spectroscopy study, Chemical Physics, vol.352, issue.1-3, pp.117-124, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.05.019

L. J. Michot, A. Delville, B. Humbert, M. Plazanet, and P. Levitz, Diffusion of Water in a Synthetic Clay with Tetrahedral Charges by Combined Neutron Time-of-Flight Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulations, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.111, issue.27, pp.9818-9831, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0690446

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01091620

J. Zanotti, M. Bellissent-funel, and S. Chen, Relaxational dynamics of supercooled water in porous glass, Physical Review E, vol.103, issue.3, p.3084, 1999.
DOI : 10.1039/fd9960300269

L. Bedouret, P. Judeinstein, J. Ollivier, J. Combet, and A. Desmedt, Proton Diffusion in the Hexafluorophosphoric Acid Clathrate Hydrate, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.118, issue.47, pp.13357-13364, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/jp504128m

F. Ferdeghini, Nanostructuration of ionic liquids: impact on the cation mobility. A multi-scale study, Nanoscale, vol.8, issue.Part 2, p.1901, 2017.
DOI : 10.1021/nn502475j

P. Goossens, C. Martineau-corcos, F. Sadi, J. Martens, and F. Taulelle, F double resonance NMR spectroscopy, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.44, issue.41, pp.28726-28731, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/ie0491286

F. Volino, J. Perrin, and S. Lyonnard, Gaussian Model for Localized Translational Motion:?? Application to Incoherent Neutron Scattering, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.110, issue.23, pp.11217-11223, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/jp061103s

M. Bee, Quasielastic Neutron Scattering, Principles and Applications in Solid State Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, 1988.

J. Perrin, S. Lyonnard, A. Guillermo, and P. Levitz, Water Dynamics in Ionomer Membranes by Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.110, issue.11, pp.5439-5444, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/jp057433e

R. Metzler, J. Jeon, A. G. Cherstvy, and E. Barkai, Anomalous diffusion models and their properties: non-stationarity, non-ergodicity, and ageing at the centenary of single particle tracking, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.47, issue.2, pp.24128-24164, 2014.
DOI : 10.1088/1751-8113/47/17/173001

K. Kreuer, On the complexity of proton conduction phenomena. Solid state ionics 136, pp.149-160, 2000.

M. Schuster, K. Kreuer, H. Steininger, and J. Maier, Proton conductivity and diffusion study of molten phosphonic acid H3PO3, Solid State Ionics, vol.179, issue.15-16, pp.523-528, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssi.2008.03.030

J. Song, O. H. Han, and S. Han, Nanometer-Scale Water- and Proton-Diffusion Heterogeneities across Water Channels in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.252, issue.12, pp.3615-3620, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ssi.2013.07.003

J. G. Mcdaniel and A. Yethiraj, Importance of hydrophobic traps for proton diffusion in lyotropic liquid crystals, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.144, issue.9, p.94705, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/jp9025909

J. Chmiola, Anomalous Increase in Carbon Capacitance at Pore Sizes Less Than 1 Nanometer, Science, vol.313, issue.5794, pp.1760-1763, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1132195

URL : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2873/1/Chmiola_2873.pdf

A. Siria, Giant osmotic energy conversion measured in a single transmembrane boron nitride nanotube, Nature, vol.111, issue.7438, pp.455-458, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/jp074178k

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00959984

S. Plimpton, Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.117, issue.1, pp.1-19, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.1995.1039

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.6047

E. Allahyarov and P. L. Taylor, Simulation Study of the Correlation between Structure and Conductivity in Stretched Nafion, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.113, issue.3, pp.610-617, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp8047746

H. Berendsen, J. Grigera, and T. Straatsma, The missing term in effective pair potentials, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.91, issue.24, pp.6269-6271, 1987.
DOI : 10.1021/j100308a038

I. Kusaka, Z. Wang, and J. Seinfeld, Binary nucleation of sulfuric acid-water: Monte Carlo simulation, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.8, issue.16, pp.6829-6848, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.555819

URL : http://authors.library.caltech.edu/2976/1/KUSjcp98b.pdf

C. J. Fennell and J. D. Gezelter, Is the Ewald summation still necessary? Pairwise alternatives to the accepted standard for long-range electrostatics, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.73, issue.23, p.234104, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01754-2