J. Vincent, J. Rello, and J. Marshall, International Study of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection in Intensive Care Units, JAMA, vol.302, issue.21, pp.2323-2329, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2009.1754

M. Hamet, A. Pavon, and F. Dalle, Candida spp. airway colonization could promote antibiotic-resistant bacteria selection in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.58, issue.8, pp.1272-1279, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-012-2584-2

J. Messika, F. Magdoud, and O. Clermont, Pathophysiology of Escherichia coli ventilator-associated pneumonia: implication of highly virulent extraintestinal pathogenic strains, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.70, issue.12, pp.2007-2016, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-012-2699-5

E. Brzuszkiewicz, H. Bruggemann, and H. Liesegang, How to become a uropathogen: comparative genomic analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains Evolution of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae (focus on extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases), Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Expert Opin Pharmacother, vol.10314, issue.342, pp.12879-12884199, 2006.

J. Ricard and J. Ricard, New therapies for pneumonia doi: 110.1097/MCP Novel therapies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia Fauci AS, Marston HD. The Perpetual Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance, Curr Opin Pulm Med Infect Disord Drug Targets JAMA, vol.181120, issue.1410, pp.181-186389, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3283520fec

H. Brussow, What is needed for phage therapy to become a reality in Western medicine?, Virology, vol.434, issue.2, pp.138-142, 1019.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.015

S. Matsuzaki, J. Uchiyama, and I. Takemura-uchiyama, The age of the phage Efficacy of bacteriophage therapy in a model of Burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia in mice Co-therapy using lytic bacteriophage and linezolid: effective treatment in eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from diabetic foot infections, Nature J Infect Dis J Med Microbiol PLoS One, vol.509201578, issue.749822, pp.264-2711508, 2008.

D. Leduc and D. Maura, Bacteriophages can treat and prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group, J Infect Dis Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.20166, issue.710, pp.4555-4558, 2000.

C. Morin and J. Kaper, vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, vol.57, issue.1, pp.69-79, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00580.x

K. Rhee, H. Cheng, and A. Harris, Determination of spatial and temporal colonization of enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli in mice using bioluminescent in vivo imaging Bacteriophage enrichment from water and soil, Gut Microbes Methods Mol Biol, vol.2501165, issue.24, pp.34-4115, 1917.

P. Boulanger, Purification of Bacteriophages and SDS-PAGE Analysis of Phage Structural Proteins from Ghost Particles, Methods Mol Biol, vol.502, pp.227-238, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-60327-565-1_13

D. Pickard, Preparation of Bacteriophage Lysates and Pure DNA, Methods Mol Biol, vol.502, pp.3-910, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-60327-565-1_1

J. Tsonos, E. Adriaenssens, and J. Klumpp, Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Escherichia coli Phage phAPEC8, Journal of Virology, vol.86, issue.23, pp.13117-13118, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02374-12

B. Kwiatkowski, B. Boschek, and H. Thiele, Substrate specificity of two bacteriophageassociated endo-N-acetylneuraminidases, J Virol, vol.45, issue.1, pp.367-374, 1983.

W. Johanson, A. Pierce, and J. Sanford, Changing Pharyngeal Bacterial Flora of Hospitalized Patients, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.281, issue.21, pp.1137-1140, 1969.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM196911202812101

W. Johanson, J. Pierce, A. Sanford, and J. , Nosocomial Respiratory Infections with Gram-Negative Bacilli, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.77, issue.5, pp.701-706, 1972.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-77-5-701

J. Ricard and D. Roux, Candida colonization in ventilated ICU patients: no longer a bystander!, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1243-1245, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-012-2587-z

W. Ho, H. Gan, and K. Yap, Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli EC302/04, Isolated from a Human Tracheal Aspirate, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.194, issue.23, pp.6691-6692, 1128.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.01804-12

C. Kohler, U. Dobrindt, S. Herold, T. Tabar, and H. Janssen, What defines extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli? Exudate macrophages attenuate lung injury by the release of IL-1 receptor antagonist in gram-negative pneumonia, Int J Med Microbiol Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.301183, issue.3510, pp.642-6471380, 1015.

D. Greenwood, In Vitro Veritas? Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests and Their Clinical Relevance, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.144, issue.4, pp.380-385, 1981.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/144.4.380

M. Henry, R. Lavigne, L. Debarbieux, J. Bull, G. Otto et al., In vivo growth rates are poorly correlated with phage therapy success in a mouse infection model Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus host range phage mutants Genomewide screens for Escherichia coli genes affecting growth of T7 bacteriophage A conserved C-terminal region in Gp71 of the small isometric-head phage LL-H and ORF474 of the prolate-head phage JCL1032 is implicated in specificity of adsorption of phage to its host, Lactobacillus delbrueckii Improved adsorption of an Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage PhiEF24C with a spontaneous point mutation Lysis Delay and Burst Shrinkage of Coliphage T7 by Deletion of Terminator T?? Reversed by Deletion of Early Genes, Predicting in vivo efficacy to guide the choice of therapeutic bacteriophages to treat pulmonary infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013. 38 Bacteriophage genes that inactivate the CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system, pp.949-9543036, 2002.

C. Sauve, E. Azoulay-dupuis, and P. Moine, Efficacies of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in a mouse model of pneumonia induced by two penicillin-and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Impact of qnrA1, qnrB1 and qnrS1 on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in an experimental pneumonia model caused by Escherichia coli with or without the GyrA mutation Ser83Leu, Antimicrob Agents Chemother J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.4068, issue.477, pp.2829-28341609, 1996.

F. Docobo-perez, P. Nordmann, and J. Dominguez-herrera, Efficacies of colistin and tigecycline in mice with experimental pneumonia due to NDM-1-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.39, issue.3, pp.251-254, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.012

J. Knudsen, K. Fuursted, and N. Frimodt-moller, Comparison of the effect of cefepime with four cephalosporins against pneumococci with various susceptibilities to penicillin, in vitro and in the mouse peritonitis model, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.40, issue.5, pp.679-686, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/40.5.679

B. Chan and S. Abedon, Phage Therapy Pharmacology, Adv Appl Microbiol, vol.78, pp.1-23, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-394805-2.00001-4

D. Craven and K. Steger, Epidemiology of nosocomial pneumonia New perspectives on an old disease1S-16S. 52. Letarov A, Kulikov E. The bacteriophages in human-and animal body-associated microbial communities, Chest J Appl Microbiol, vol.108107, issue.21, 1995.

J. Mendez, A. Audicana, and M. Cancer, Assessment of drinking water quality using indicator bacteria and bacteriophages, J Water Health, vol.2, issue.3, pp.201-214, 2004.

P. Miernikiewicz, K. Dabrowska, and A. Piotrowicz, T4 phage and its head surface proteins do not stimulate inflammatory mediator production Immunogenicity studies of proteins forming the t4 phage head surface Pros and cons of phage therapy, PLoS One J Virol Bacteriophage, vol.8881, issue.562, pp.12551-12557111, 2011.

S. Abedon, S. Kuhl, and B. Blasdel, Phage treatment of human infections, Bacteriophage, vol.7, issue.2, pp.66-85, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0041-1345(03)00525-6

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278644

E. Morello, E. Saussereau, and D. Maura, Pulmonary bacteriophage therapy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis strains: first steps towards treatment and prevention Bacteriophages phiMR299-2 and phiNH-4 can eliminate Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the murine lung and on cystic fibrosis lung airway cells, PLoS One MBio, vol.63, issue.22, pp.16963-59, 2011.