N. K. Adhikari, R. A. Fowler, S. Bhagwanjee, and G. D. Rubenfeld, Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults, The Lancet, vol.376, issue.9749, pp.1339-1346, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60446-1

M. Adib-conquy and J. M. Cavaillon, Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol.101, pp.36-47, 2009.
DOI : 10.1160/TH08-07-0421

D. C. Angus, W. T. Linde-zwirble, J. Lidicker, G. Clermont, J. Carcillo et al., Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care, Critical Care Medicine, vol.29, issue.7, pp.1303-1310, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002

L. Bo, F. Wang, J. Zhu, J. Li, and X. Deng, Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for sepsis: a meta-analysis, Critical Care, vol.15, issue.1, p.58, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/01.sla.0000103062.21049.82

J. S. Boomer, K. To, and K. C. Chang, Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure, JAMA, vol.306, p.2594605, 2011.

J. S. Boomer, J. M. Green, and R. S. Hotchkiss, The changing immune system in sepsis, Virulence, vol.155, issue.1, pp.45-56, 2014.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1222878110

T. Calandra and J. Cohen, The International Sepsis Forum Consensus Conference on Definitions of Infection in the Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care Medicine, vol.33, issue.7, pp.1639-1648, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000168253.91200.83

S. E. Calvano, W. Xiao, and D. R. Richards, A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans, Nature, vol.21, issue.7061, pp.1032-1037, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14863

J. Cohen, J. L. Vincent, and N. K. Adhikari, Sepsis: a roadmap for future research, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.5, pp.581-614, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70112-X

K. H. Desai, C. S. Tan, J. T. Leek, R. V. Maier, R. G. Tompkins et al., Dissecting Inflammatory Complications in Critically Injured Patients by Within-Patient Gene Expression Changes: A Longitudinal Clinical Genomics Study, PLoS Medicine, vol.5, issue.9, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001093.s041

R. J. Feezor, A. Cheng, H. N. Paddock, H. V. Baker, and L. L. Moldawer, Functional Genomics and Gene Expression Profiling in Sepsis: Beyond Class Prediction, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.41, issue.Supplement 7, pp.427-435, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/431993

E. J. Giamarellos-bourboulis and M. Raftogiannis, The immune response to severe bacterial infections: consequences for therapy, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, vol.10, issue.3, pp.369-380, 2012.
DOI : 10.1586/eri.12.2

H. G. Gomez, S. M. Gonzalez, and J. M. Londoño, Immunological Characterization of Compensatory Anti-Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Patients With Severe Sepsis, Critical Care Medicine, vol.42, issue.4, pp.771-780, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000100

R. S. Hotchkiss, G. Monneret, and D. Payen, Immunosuppression in sepsis: a novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.13, issue.3, pp.260-268, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70001-X

S. B. Johnson, M. Lissauer, and G. V. Bochiccchio, Gene Expression Profiles Differentiate Between Sterile SIRS and Early Sepsis, Annals of Surgery, vol.245, issue.4, pp.611-621, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.sla.0000251619.10648.32
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1877042

K. M. Kaukonen, M. Bailey, D. Pilcher, D. J. Cooper, and R. Bellomo, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria in Defining Severe Sepsis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.372, issue.17, pp.1629-1638, 2015.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1415236

J. L. Kenneth and D. S. Thomas, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the ??CT method, pp.402-408, 2001.

G. Kumar, A. Kumar, and A. Taneja, Nationwide trends of severe sepsis in the 21st century, 2000.

M. Levy, M. P. Fink, and J. C. Marshall, 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference, Critical Care Medicine, vol.31, issue.4, pp.1250-1256, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B

M. E. Lissauer, S. B. Johnson, and G. V. Bochicchio, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR GENES, Shock, vol.31, issue.3, pp.238-244, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181834991

L. Mchugh, T. A. Seldon, and R. A. Brandon, A Molecular Host Response Assay to Discriminate Between Sepsis and Infection-Negative Systemic Inflammation in Critically Ill Patients: Discovery and Validation in Independent Cohorts, PLOS Medicine, vol.140, issue.Suppl 3, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001916.s010

R. Medzhitov, D. S. Schneider, and M. P. Soares, Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy, Science, vol.335, issue.6071, pp.936-941, 2012.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1214935

E. Montague, L. Stanberry, and R. Higdon, MOPED 2.5???An Integrated Multi-Omics Resource: Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database Now Includes Transcriptomics Data, OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, vol.18, issue.6, pp.335-343, 2014.
DOI : 10.1089/omi.2014.0061

S. M. Opal and T. Calandra, Antibiotic Usage and Resistance, JAMA, vol.302, issue.21, pp.2367-2368, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2009.1774

V. Ozdemir, B. Williams-jones, and S. J. Glatt, Shifting emphasis from pharmacogenomics to theragnostics, Nature Biotechnology, vol.18, issue.8, pp.942-946, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt0806-942

G. P. Parnell, B. M. Tang, and M. Nalos, Identifying Key Regulatory Genes in the Whole Blood of Septic Patients to Monitor Underlying Immune Dysfunctions, Shock, vol.40, issue.3, pp.166-174, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31829ee604

C. Pierrakos and J. L. Vincent, Sepsis biomarkers: a review, Critical Care, vol.14, issue.1, p.15, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/cc8872
URL : http://doi.org/10.1186/cc8872

B. P. Scicluna, P. M. Klein-klouwenberg, and L. A. Van-vught, A Molecular Biomarker to Diagnose Community-acquired Pneumonia on Intensive Care Unit Admission, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.192, issue.7, pp.826-835, 2015.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.201502-0355OC

M. Singer and P. Glynne, Treating Critical Illness: The Importance of First Doing No Harm, PLoS Medicine, vol.350, issue.6, p.167, 2005.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020167.t002

M. Singer, C. S. Deutschman, and C. W. Seymour, The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), JAMA, vol.315, issue.8, pp.801-810, 2016.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2016.0287

B. M. Tang, A. S. Mclean, I. W. Dawes, S. J. Huang, and R. C. Lin, The Use of Gene-Expression Profiling to Identify Candidate Genes in Human Sepsis, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.176, issue.7, pp.676-684, 2007.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200612-1819OC

J. L. Vincent, J. Rello, and J. Marshall, International Study of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection in Intensive Care Units, JAMA, vol.302, issue.21, pp.2323-2329, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2009.1754

H. R. Wong, C. J. Lindsell, and V. Pettilä, A Multibiomarker-Based Outcome Risk Stratification Model for Adult Septic Shock*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.42, issue.4, pp.781-789, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000106
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620515

W. Xiao, M. N. Mindrinos, and J. Seok, A genomic storm in critically injured humans, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.61, issue.13, pp.2581-2590, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nature08780

Q. Zhang, M. Raoof, and Y. Chen, Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury, Nature, vol.24, issue.7285, pp.104-107, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature08780
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843437