New therapeutic strategies for invasive aspergillosis in the era of azole resistance: how should the prevalence of azole resistance be defined?

Alexandre Alanio 1, 2, 3, 4 Blandine Denis 5 Samia Hamane 2 Emmanuel Raffoux 6 Régis Peffault de La Tour 7, 4 Sophie Touratier 8 Anne Bergeron 9, 4 Stéphane Bretagne 2, 3, 4, 1
1 CNRMA - Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire
2 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris]
3 Mycologie moléculaire
4 UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7
5 Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis]
6 Service d'hématologie biologique
7 Service d'Hématologie Greffe
8 Pharmacie, Hôpital Saint-Louis
9 Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis]
Abstract : Given reports showing a high prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, alternatives to azole therapy are discussed when a threshold of 10% of azole-resistant environmental isolates is reached. This raises the issue of calculation of this threshold, either on the prevalence of azole-resistant isolates as a whole or on the prevalence of azole-resistant cases in populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA). For isolate evaluation, there are high disparities in routine microbiological procedures for the isolation of A. fumigatus and azole resistance detection. There are also huge differences between the microbiological work-up for diagnosing IA. Some centres rely on galactomannan detection alone without actively trying to culture appropriate samples, which affects reliability of the figures on the prevalence of resistance and thus the threshold of resistance. Moreover, reports from the laboratory could mix up figures from completely different patient populations: frequent azole-resistant isolates from pneumology patients and rare azole-resistant isolates from haematology patients. Therefore, to sum isolates from different specimens and different wards can lead to erroneous calculations for the restricted populations at risk of developing IA. In conclusion, assessing the incidence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus should be based on harmonized consensual microbiological methods and reports should be restricted to IA episodes in identified populations at risk of IA when the issue is to define an operational threshold for modifying recommendations.
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Article dans une revue
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2016, 71 (8), pp.2075--2078. 〈10.1093/jac/dkw036〉
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Soumis le : mardi 29 novembre 2016 - 16:14:11
Dernière modification le : lundi 3 septembre 2018 - 14:44:04

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Alexandre Alanio, Blandine Denis, Samia Hamane, Emmanuel Raffoux, Régis Peffault de La Tour, et al.. New therapeutic strategies for invasive aspergillosis in the era of azole resistance: how should the prevalence of azole resistance be defined?. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2016, 71 (8), pp.2075--2078. 〈10.1093/jac/dkw036〉. 〈pasteur-01405215〉

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