P. Leyssen, D. Clercq, E. Neyts, and J. , Molecular strategies to inhibit the replication of RNA viruses, Antiviral Research, vol.78, issue.1, pp.9-25, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.004

B. Wang and E. Fish, The yin and yang of viruses and interferons, Trends in Immunology, vol.33, issue.4, pp.190-197, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.it.2012.01.004

S. Tan, G. Ganji, B. Paeper, S. Proll, and M. Katze, Systems biology and the host response to viral infection, Nature Biotechnology, vol.4, issue.12, pp.1383-1389, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020081

S. Krumm, J. Ndungu, J. Yoon, M. Dochow, and A. Sun, Potent Host-Directed Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Myxovirus RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerases, PLoS ONE, vol.208, issue.Pt 7, p.20069, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020069.s002

M. Mata, N. Satterly, G. Versteeg, D. Frantz, and S. Wei, Chemical inhibition of RNA viruses reveals REDD1 as a host defense factor, Nature Chemical Biology, vol.6, issue.10, pp.712-719, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nchembio.645

A. Prussia, P. Thepchatri, J. Snyder, and R. Plemper, Systematic Approaches towards the Development of Host-Directed Antiviral Therapeutics, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.12, issue.12, pp.4027-4052, 2011.
DOI : 10.3390/ijms12064027

G. Cheng, L. Wang, Z. Fridlender, G. Cheng, and B. Chen, Pharmacologic Activation of the Innate Immune System to Prevent Respiratory Viral Infections, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol.45, issue.3, pp.480-488, 2011.
DOI : 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0288OC

K. Shirey, Q. Nhu, K. Yim, Z. Roberts, and J. Teijaro, The anti-tumor agent, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), induces IFN-??-mediated antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.89, issue.3, pp.351-357, 2011.
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.0410216

F. Guo, J. Mead, N. Aliya, L. Wang, and A. Cuconati, RO 90-7501 Enhances TLR3 and RLR Agonist Induced Antiviral Response, 2012) RO 90-7501 Enhances TLR3 and RLR Agonist Induced Antiviral Response, p.42583
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0042583.g009
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042583

S. Es-saad, N. Tremblay, M. Baril, and D. Lamarre, Regulators of innate immunity as novel targets for panviral therapeutics, Current Opinion in Virology, vol.2, issue.5, pp.622-628, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.08.009

D. Stetson and R. Medzhitov, Type I Interferons in Host Defense, Immunity, vol.25, issue.3, pp.373-381, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.007

A. Baum and A. Garcia-sastre, Induction of type I interferon by RNA viruses: cellular receptors and their substrates, Amino Acids, vol.76, issue.Pt 1, pp.1283-1299, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00726-009-0374-0

N. Arpaia and G. Barton, Toll-like receptors: key players in antiviral immunity, Current Opinion in Virology, vol.1, issue.6, pp.447-454, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.006

Y. Loo, M. Gale, and J. , Immune Signaling by RIG-I-like Receptors, Immunity, vol.34, issue.5, pp.680-692, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.05.003

A. Van-boxel-dezaire, M. Rani, and G. Stark, Complex Modulation of Cell Type-Specific Signaling in Response to Type I Interferons, Immunity, vol.25, issue.3, pp.361-372, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.014

J. Schoggins, S. Wilson, M. Panis, M. Murphy, and C. Jones, A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response, Nature, vol.81, issue.7344, pp.481-485, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09907

J. Macmicking, Interferon-inducible effector mechanisms in cell-autonomous immunity, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.105, issue.5, pp.367-382, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nri3210

D. Connolly, O. Neill, and L. , New developments in Toll-like receptor targeted therapeutics, Current Opinion in Pharmacology, vol.12, issue.4, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coph.2012.06.002

H. Konishi, K. Okamoto, Y. Ohmori, H. Yoshino, and H. Ohmori, An orally available, small-molecule interferon inhibits viral replication, Scientific Reports, vol.45, issue.2, p.259, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/srep00259

C. Lin, C. Wu, N. Hsiao, C. Chang, and S. Li, Aloe-emodin is an interferon-inducing agent with antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus and enterovirus 71, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.32, issue.4, pp.355-359, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.018

K. Bedard, M. Wang, S. Proll, Y. Loo, and M. Katze, Isoflavone Agonists of IRF-3 Dependent Signaling Have Antiviral Activity against RNA Viruses, Journal of Virology, vol.86, issue.13, pp.7334-7344, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.06867-11

Z. Tai, G. Zhang, and F. Wang, Identification of Small Molecule Activators of the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Pathway Using a Cell-Based Screen, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol.35, issue.1, pp.65-71, 2012.
DOI : 10.1248/bpb.35.65

D. Patel, A. Patel, W. Nolan, Y. Zhang, and M. Holtzman, High Throughput Screening for Small Molecule Enhancers of the Interferon Signaling Pathway to Drive Next-Generation Antiviral Drug Discovery, PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.5, p.36594, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0036594.s002

L. Martinez-gil, J. Ayllon, M. Ortigoza, A. Garcia-sastre, and M. Shaw, Identification of Small Molecules with Type I Interferon Inducing Properties by High-Throughput Screening, PLoS ONE, vol.31, issue.5, p.49049, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0049049.g006

M. Ortigoza, O. Dibben, J. Maamary, L. Martinez-gil, and V. Leyva-grado, A Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Influenza A Viruses that Targets Polymerase Function and Indirectly Induces Interferon, PLoS Pathogens, vol.75, issue.Pt 6, p.1002668, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002668.s006

B. Kummerer, K. Grywna, S. Glasker, J. Wieseler, and C. Drosten, Construction of an infectious Chikungunya virus cDNA clone and stable insertion of mCherry reporter genes at two different sites, Journal of General Virology, vol.93, issue.Pt_9, pp.1991-1995, 2012.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.043752-0

M. Bourai, M. Lucas-hourani, H. Gad, C. Drosten, and Y. Jacob, Mapping of Chikungunya Virus Interactions with Host Proteins Identified nsP2 as a Highly Connected Viral Component, Journal of Virology, vol.86, issue.6, pp.3121-3134, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.06390-11

H. Gad, H. Paulous, S. Belarbi, E. Diancourt, L. Drosten et al., The E2-E166K substitution restores Chikungunya virus growth in OAS3 expressing cells by acting on viral entry, 2012.

D. Dauzonne and P. Demerseman, Potassium Fluoride-Promoted Reaction of (2-Chloro-2-nitroethenyl)benzenes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds -A General Synthesis of 6,6-Dimethyl-2-nitro-3-phenyl-3(2H)benzofura- nones and some Analogs, J Heterocyclic Chem, vol.56, issue.27, pp.7-11, 1990.

D. Dauzonne, H. Josien, and P. Demerseman, -Chloro-2-nitroethenyl)ben- zenes as Synthons -a General-Method for the Preparation of 2,3-Dihydro-2- nitro-3-phenyl-4H-furo[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-4-ones and 3-Phenyl-4H-furo, Tetrahedron, vol.3, issue.46, pp.2-3, 1990.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00747378

D. Dauzonne and A. Adam-launay, A Convenient Procedure for the Preparation of 5,6-Dihydro-6-nitro-5-phenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and 5-Phenylfuro, 3H)-ones, pp.3-4, 1992.

W. Raimondi, D. Dauzonne, T. Constantieux, D. Bonne, and J. Rodriguez, Expeditious, Metal-Free, Domino, Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2-Carbonyl-and 2-Phosphorylfurans by Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition, Eur J Org Chem, pp.6119-6123, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00747378

A. Bonavia, M. Franti, P. Keaney, E. Kuhen, K. Seepersaud et al., Identification of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds and assessment of the druggability of their target for efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.108, issue.17, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1017142108

Q. Wang, S. Bushell, M. Qing, H. Xu, and A. Bonavia, Inhibition of Dengue Virus through Suppression of Host Pyrimidine Biosynthesis, Journal of Virology, vol.85, issue.13, pp.6548-6556, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02510-10

H. Hoffmann, A. Kunz, V. Simon, P. Palese, and M. Shaw, Broad-spectrum antiviral that interferes with de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.108, issue.14, pp.5777-5782, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1101143108

D. Smee, B. Hurst, and C. Day, D282, a Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Infection that Interferes with De Novo Pyrimidine Biosynthesis, Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, vol.22, issue.6, pp.263-272, 2012.
DOI : 10.3851/IMP2105

A. Khutornenko, V. Roudko, B. Chernyak, A. Vartapetian, and P. Chumakov, Pyrimidine biosynthesis links mitochondrial respiration to the p53 pathway, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.29, pp.12828-12833, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0910885107

D. Planterose, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Effects of Mycophenolic Acid, Journal of General Virology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.629-630, 1969.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-4-4-629

E. Padalko, E. Verbeken, P. Matthys, J. Aerts, D. Clercq et al., Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits the development of Coxsackie B3-virus-induced myocarditis in mice, BMC Microbiology, vol.3, issue.1, p.25, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2180-3-25

M. Khan, R. Dhanwani, I. Patro, P. Rao, and M. Parida, Cellular IMPDH enzyme activity is a potential target for the inhibition of Chikungunya virus replication and virus induced apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells, Antiviral Research, vol.89, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.10.009

S. Liu, E. Neidhardt, T. Grossman, T. Ocain, and J. Clardy, Structures of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in complex with antiproliferative agents, Structure, vol.8, issue.1, pp.25-33, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0969-2126(00)00077-0

E. Dixit, S. Boulant, Y. Zhang, A. Lee, and C. Odendall, Peroxisomes Are Signaling Platforms for Antiviral Innate Immunity, Cell, vol.141, issue.4, pp.668-681, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.018

Z. Meng, X. Zhang, J. Wu, R. Pei, and Y. Xu, RNAi Induces Innate Immunity through Multiple Cellular Signaling Pathways, PLoS ONE, vol.48, issue.1, p.64708, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0064708.s002
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064708

T. Matsuyama, T. Kimura, M. Kitagawa, K. Pfeffer, and T. Kawakami, Targeted disruption of IRF-1 or IRF-2 results in abnormal type I IFN gene induction and aberrant lymphocyte development, Cell, vol.75, issue.1, pp.83-97, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80086-8

M. Sato, H. Suemori, N. Hata, M. Asagiri, and K. Ogasawara, Distinct and Essential Roles of Transcription Factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in Response to Viruses for IFN-??/?? Gene Induction, Immunity, vol.13, issue.4, pp.539-548, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00053-4

H. Mittrucker, T. Matsuyama, A. Grossman, T. Kundig, and J. Potter, Requirement for the Transcription Factor LSIRF/IRF4 for Mature B and T Lymphocyte Function, Science, vol.275, issue.5299, pp.540-543, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.275.5299.540

A. Takaoka, H. Yanai, S. Kondo, G. Duncan, and H. Negishi, Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors, Nature, vol.27, issue.7030, pp.243-249, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01850

K. Honda, H. Yanai, H. Negishi, M. Asagiri, and M. Sato, IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses, Nature, vol.171, issue.7034, pp.772-777, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/ni978

T. Holtschke, J. Lohler, Y. Kanno, T. Fehr, and N. Giese, Immunodeficiency and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia-like Syndrome in Mice with a Targeted Mutation of the ICSBP Gene, Cell, vol.87, issue.2, pp.307-317, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81348-3

T. Kimura, Y. Kadokawa, H. Harada, M. Matsumoto, and M. Sato, Essential and non-redundant roles of p48 (ISGF3gamma) and IRF-1 in both type I and type II interferon responses, as revealed by gene targeting studies, Genes to Cells, vol.1, issue.1, pp.115-124, 1996.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1996.08008.x

A. Masumi, I. Wang, B. Lefebvre, X. Yang, and Y. Nakatani, The Histone Acetylase PCAF Is a Phorbol-Ester-Inducible Coactivator of the IRF Family That Confers Enhanced Interferon Responsiveness, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.19, issue.3, pp.1810-1820, 1999.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.19.3.1810

D. Dornan, M. Eckert, M. Wallace, H. Shimizu, and E. Ramsay, Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Binding to p300 Stimulates DNA-Dependent Acetylation of p53, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.24, issue.22, pp.10083-10098, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.24.22.10083-10098.2004

V. Narayan, E. Pion, V. Landre, P. Muller, and K. Ball, Docking-dependent Ubiquitination of the Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Tumor Suppressor Protein by the Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.286, issue.1, pp.607-619, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M110.153122

V. Narayan, P. Halada, L. Hernychova, Y. Chong, and J. Zakova, A Multiprotein Binding Interface in an Intrinsically Disordered Region of the Tumor Suppressor Protein Interferon Regulatory Factor-1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.286, issue.16, pp.14291-14303, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M110.204602

M. Sgarbanti, A. Remoli, G. Marsili, B. Ridolfi, and A. Borsetti, IRF-1 Is Required for Full NF-??B Transcriptional Activity at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Enhancer, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.7, pp.3632-3641, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00599-07

J. Park, K. Kim, E. Lee, Y. Seo, and S. Lim, Elevated level of SUMOylated IRF-1 in tumor cells interferes with IRF-1-mediated apoptosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.43, pp.17028-17033, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0609852104

A. Masumi and K. Ozato, Coactivator p300 Acetylates the Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 in U937 Cells following Phorbol Ester Treatment, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.24, pp.20973-20980, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M101707200

Q. Pan, P. De-ruiter, H. Metselaar, J. Kwekkeboom, and J. De-jonge, Mycophenolic acid augments interferon-stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C Virus infection in vitro and in vivo, Hepatology, vol.37, issue.6, pp.1673-1683, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.25562

L. Zhang, P. Das, M. Schmolke, B. Manicassamy, and Y. Wang, Inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis reverses viral virulence factor-mediated block of mRNA nuclear export, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.50, issue.3, pp.315-326, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00109-007-0282-2

P. Paladino and K. Mossman, Mechanisms Employed by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 to Inhibit the Interferon Response, Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, vol.29, issue.9, pp.599-607, 2009.
DOI : 10.1089/jir.2009.0074

D. Evers, X. Wang, S. Huong, K. Andreoni, and E. Huang, Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus signaling and replication by the immunosuppressant FK778, Antiviral Research, vol.65, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.03.007

L. Vastag, E. Koyuncu, S. Grady, T. Shenk, and J. Rabinowitz, Divergent Effects of Human Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 on Cellular Metabolism, PLoS Pathogens, vol.34, issue.7, p.1002124, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002124.s007

D. Knight, A. Hejmanowski, J. Dierksheide, J. Williams, and A. Chong, INHIBITION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 BY THE EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT LEFLUNOMIDE1, Transplantation, vol.71, issue.1, pp.170-174, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-200101150-00031

V. Vyas and M. Ghate, Recent Developments in the Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) Inhibitors, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, vol.11, issue.12, pp.1039-1055, 2011.
DOI : 10.2174/138955711797247707

H. Munier-lehmann, P. Vidalain, F. Tangy, and Y. Janin, On Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases and Their Inhibitors and Uses, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol.56, issue.8, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/jm301848w
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00819070

I. Davis, E. Lazarowski, F. Chen, J. Hickman-davis, and W. Sullender, Post-Infection A77-1726 Blocks Pathophysiologic Sequelae of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol.37, issue.4, pp.379-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0142OC

M. Dunn, D. Knight, and W. Waldman, Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide, Antiviral Therapy, vol.16, issue.3, pp.309-317, 2011.
DOI : 10.3851/IMP1763

M. Hibert, French/European academic compound library initiative, Drug Discovery Today, vol.14, issue.15-16, pp.723-725, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.012

A. Komarova, C. Combredet, L. Meyniel-schicklin, M. Chapelle, and G. Caignard, Proteomic Analysis of Virus-Host Interactions in an Infectious Context Using Recombinant Viruses, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, vol.10, issue.12, pp.110-007443, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/mcp.M110.007443
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00639495

C. Combredet, V. Labrousse, L. Mollet, C. Lorin, and F. Delebecque, A Molecularly Cloned Schwarz Strain of Measles Virus Vaccine Induces Strong Immune Responses in Macaques and Transgenic Mice, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.21, pp.11546-11554, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.21.11546-11554.2003

A. Brehin, L. Rubrecht, M. Navarro-sanchez, V. Marechal, and M. Frenkiel, Production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive to Chikungunya envelope E2 glycoprotein, Virology, vol.371, issue.1, pp.185-195, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.028

J. Zhang, T. Chung, and K. Oldenburg, A Simple Statistical Parameter for Use in Evaluation and Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays, Journal of Biomolecular Screening, vol.4, issue.2, pp.67-73, 1999.
DOI : 10.1177/108705719900400206

A. Contreras-sanz, T. Scott-ward, H. Gill, J. Jacoby, and R. Birch, Simultaneous quantification of 12 different nucleotides and nucleosides released from renal epithelium and in human urine samples using ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC, Purinergic Signalling, vol.153, issue.Pt 2, pp.741-751, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11302-012-9321-8