I. and P. S. Onofrio, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 9 Leibniz Institute for Primate Research 10 Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, Nußdorfer Lände, pp.13359-13371

. Centre and I. Immunology, 223 62, Sweden. 14 Center for Infectious Medicine, 86, Sweden. 15 Department of Virology. 16 Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, pp.141-158

S. Rerks-ngarm, P. Pitisuttithum, S. Nitayaphan, J. Kaewkungwal, J. Chiu et al., Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thailand, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.361, issue.23, pp.2209-2220, 2009.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0908492

E. Sandstrom, C. Nilsson, B. Hejdeman, A. Brave, G. Bratt et al., Broad Immunogenicity of a Multigene, Multiclade HIV???1 DNA Vaccine Boosted with Heterologous HIV???1 Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.198, issue.10, pp.1482-1490, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/592507

A. Karim, Q. , A. Karim, S. Frohlich, J. Grobler et al., Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Gel, an Antiretroviral Microbicide, for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Women, Science, vol.329, issue.5996, pp.1168-1174, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1193748

A. Stone, Microbicides: a new approach to preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.62, issue.12, pp.977-985, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nrd959

A. Chaudhari, A. Fialho, D. Ratner, P. Gupta, C. Hong et al., Malaria and HIV/AIDS: Inhibition of Parasitic and Viral Growth by Azurin, Cell Cycle, vol.5, issue.15, pp.1642-1648, 2006.
DOI : 10.4161/cc.5.15.2992

C. Bewley, S. Kiyonaka, and I. Hamachi, Site-specific Discrimination by Cyanovirin-N for ??-Linked Trisaccharides Comprising the Three Arms of Man8 and Man9, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.322, issue.4, pp.881-889, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00842-2

A. Sexton, P. Drake, N. Mahmood, S. Harman, R. Shattock et al., Transgenic plant production of Cyanovirin-N, an HIV microbicide, The FASEB Journal, vol.20, pp.356-358, 2006.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.05-4742fje

P. Borrow, R. Shattock, and A. Vyakarnam, Innate immunity against HIV: a priority target for HIV prevention research, Retrovirology, vol.7, issue.1, p.84, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-7-84

A. Brave, D. Hallengard, M. Malm, V. Blazevic, E. Rollman et al., Combining DNA technologies and different modes of immunization for induction of humoral and cellular anti-HIV-1 immune responses, Vaccine, vol.27, issue.2, pp.184-186, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.041

P. Palma, M. Romiti, L. Pira, G. Montesano, C. Mora et al., The PEDVAC trial: Preliminary data from the first therapeutic DNA vaccination in HIV-infected children, Vaccine, vol.29, issue.39, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.058

D. Shedlock, G. Silvestri, and D. Weiner, Monkeying around with HIV vaccines: using rhesus macaques to define 'gatekeepers' for clinical trials, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.12, issue.10, pp.717-728, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nri2636

V. Jespers, A. Harandi, J. Hinkula, D. Medaglini, L. Grand et al., Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1, Expert Review of Vaccines, vol.9, issue.4, pp.381-394, 2010.
DOI : 10.1586/erv.10.21

M. Daniel, F. Kirchhoff, S. Czajak, P. Sehgal, and R. Desrosiers, Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene, Science, vol.258, issue.5090, pp.1938-1941, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1470917

W. Koff, P. Johnson, D. Watkins, D. Burton, J. Lifson et al., HIV vaccine design: insights from live attenuated SIV vaccines, Nature Immunology, vol.83, issue.1, pp.19-23, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/ni1296

M. Cranage, A. Whatmore, S. Sharpe, N. Cook, N. Polyanskaya et al., Macaques Infected with Live Attenuated SIVmac Are Protected against Superinfection via the Rectal Mucosa, Virology, vol.229, issue.1, pp.143-154, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.1996.8419

M. Genesca, M. Mcchesney, and C. Miller, T cells in the genital tract control viral replication and delay progression to AIDS after vaginal SIV challenge in rhesus macaques immunized with virulence attenuated SHIV 89.6, Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.320, issue.1, pp.67-77, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02051.x

K. Tenner-racz, S. Hennig, C. Uberla, K. Stoiber, H. Ignatius et al., Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.9, pp.3017-3022, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308677101

S. Sharpe, A. Whatmore, G. Hall, and M. Cranage, Macaques infected with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus resist superinfection with virulence-revertant virus., Journal of General Virology, vol.78, issue.8, pp.781923-1927, 1997.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-78-8-1923

A. Das, B. Klaver, M. Centlivre, A. Harwig, M. Ooms et al., Optimization of the doxycycline-dependent simian immunodeficiency virus through in vitro evolution, Retrovirology, vol.5, issue.1, p.44, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-3-2

A. Das, B. Klaver, A. Harwig, M. Vink, M. Ooms et al., Construction of a Doxycycline-Dependent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Reveals a Nontranscriptional Function of Tat in Viral Replication, Journal of Virology, vol.81, issue.20, pp.11159-11169, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.01354-07

T. Schultheiss, N. Stolte-leeb, S. Sopper, and C. Stahl-hennig, Flow cytometric characterization of the lymphocyte composition in a variety of mucosal tissues in healthy rhesus macaques, Journal of Medical Primatology, vol.859, issue.Suppl A, pp.41-51, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00446.x

T. Schultheiss, Strong virus-specific mucosal immune responses in SIVinfected rhesus monkeys significantly contribute to viral containment and long-term survival, 2010.

D. Kaiserlian, How to break oral tolerance to make an efficient HIV vaccine: lessons from animal model?, 2010.

N. Berry, R. Stebbings, D. Ferguson, C. Ham, A. J. Brown et al., Resistance to superinfection by a vigorously replicating, uncloned stock of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) stimulates replication of a live attenuated virus vaccine (SIVmacC8), Journal of General Virology, vol.89, issue.9, pp.2240-2251, 2008.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.2008/001693-0

L. Arthur, J. Bess, . Jr, R. Sowder, R. Benveniste et al., Cellular proteins bound to immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines, Science, vol.258, issue.5090, pp.1935-1938, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1470916

L. Arthur, J. Bess, . Jr, R. Urban, J. Strominger et al., Macaques immunized with HLA-DR are protected from challenge with simian immunodeficiency virus, J Virol, vol.69, pp.3117-3124, 1995.

D. Wilfingseder, M. Spruth, C. Ammann, S. Dopper, C. Speth et al., Complement-Mediated Enhancement of HIV-1 Neutralisation by Anti-HLA Antibodies Derived from Polytransfused Patients, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol.131, issue.1, pp.62-72, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000070437

E. Fenyo, A. Heath, S. Dispinseri, H. Holmes, P. Lusso et al., International Network for Comparison of HIV Neutralization Assays: The NeutNet Report, PLoS ONE, vol.71, issue.2, p.4505, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0004505.s002

A. Nordqvist and E. Fenyo, Plaque-Reduction Assays for Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Neutralization, Methods Mol Biol, vol.304, pp.273-285, 2005.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59259-907-9:273

L. Mainetti, J. Mullins, and G. Scarlatti, Viral characterization and humoral immune response to HIV in the setting of acute HIV infection, Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.26, 2010.

. Brinckmann, http://www.translational-medicine.com/content, Journal of Translational Medicine, vol.91, issue.9, p.4040, 2011.

M. Cavarelli, I. Karlsson, C. Ripamonti, A. Plebani, E. Fenyo et al., Flexible use of CCR5 in the absence of CXCR4 use explains the immune deficiency in HIV-1 infected children, AIDS, vol.24, issue.16, pp.2527-2533, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833d7d8c

Z. Euler, M. Van-gils, E. Bunnik, P. Phung, B. Schweighardt et al., Cross???Reactive Neutralizing Humoral Immunity Does Not Protect from HIV Type 1 Disease Progression, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.201, issue.7, pp.1045-1053, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/651144

M. Simek, W. Rida, F. Priddy, P. Pung, E. Carrow et al., Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Elite Neutralizers: Individuals with Broad and Potent Neutralizing Activity Identified by Using a High-Throughput Neutralization Assay together with an Analytical Selection Algorithm, Journal of Virology, vol.83, issue.14, pp.7337-7348, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00110-09

M. Van-gils, E. Bunnik, J. Burger, Y. Jacob, B. Schweighardt et al., Rapid Escape from Preserved Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Humoral Immunity without Loss of Viral Fitness in HIV-1-Infected Progressors and Long-Term Nonprogressors, Journal of Virology, vol.84, issue.7, pp.3576-3585, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02622-09

E. Bunnik, Z. Euler, M. Welkers, B. Boeser-nunnink, M. Grijsen et al., Adaptation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 to humoral immunity at a population level, Nature Medicine, vol.81, issue.9, pp.995-997, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nm.2203

X. Wu, Z. Yang, Y. Li, C. Hogerkorp, W. Schief et al., Rational Design of Envelope Identifies Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies to HIV-1, Science, vol.329, issue.5993, pp.856-861, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1187659

K. Ljunggren, V. Moschese, P. Broliden, C. Giaquinto, I. Quinti et al., Antibodies Mediating Cellular Cytotoxicity and Neutralization Correlate with a Better Clinical Stage in Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.161, issue.2, pp.198-202, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/161.2.198

L. Sawyer, D. Katzenstein, R. Hendry, E. Boone, L. Vujcic et al., Possible Beneficial Effects of Neutralizing Antibodies and Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.6, issue.3, pp.341-356, 1990.
DOI : 10.1089/aid.1990.6.341

D. Forthal and C. Moog, Fc receptor-mediated antiviral antibodies, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, vol.4, issue.5, pp.388-393, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832f0a89

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882066

S. Pensieroso, A. Cagigi, P. Palma, A. Nilsson, C. Capponi et al., Timing of HAART defines the integrity of memory B cells and the longevity of humoral responses in HIV-1 vertically-infected children, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.106, issue.19, pp.7939-7944, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0901702106

A. Matucci, P. Rossolillo, M. Baroni, A. Siccardi, A. Beretta et al., HLA-C increases HIV-1 infectivity and is associated with gp120, Retrovirology, vol.5, issue.1, p.68, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-5-68

E. Vicenzi, P. Bordignon, P. Biswas, A. Brambilla, C. Bovolenta et al., Envelope-dependent restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 spreading in CD4(+) T lymphocytes: R5 but not X4 viruses replicate in the absence of T-cell receptor restimulation, J Virol, vol.73, pp.7515-7523, 1999.

B. Cassani, M. Mirolo, F. Cattaneo, U. Benninghoff, M. Hershfield et al., Altered intracellular and extracellular signaling leads to impaired T-cell functions in ADA-SCID patients, Blood, vol.111, issue.8, pp.4209-4219, 2008.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2007-05-092429

M. Cavarelli, C. Foglieni, M. Rescigno, and G. Scarlatti, Dendritic cells sample HIV-1 through an intestinal epithelial cell monolayer, Retrovirology, vol.6, issue.Suppl 1, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-6-S1-O4

URL : http://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-s1-o4

G. Poli, Post-entry events of efficient R5 vs. inefficient X4 HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes, a transciptome analysis, 2010.

A. Fauci, M. Johnston, C. Dieffenbach, D. Burton, S. Hammer et al., HIV Vaccine Research: The Way Forward, Science, vol.321, issue.5888, pp.530-532, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1161000

N. Haigwood, Predictive value of primate models for AIDS, AIDS Rev, vol.6, pp.187-198, 2004.