P. Minor, The molecular biology of poliovaccines, Journal of General Virology, vol.73, issue.12, pp.3065-3077, 1992.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-73-12-3065

V. Agol, Molecular Mechanisms of Poliovirus Variation and Evolution, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, vol.299, pp.211-259, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-26397-7_8

O. Kew, R. Sutter, E. De-gourville, W. Dowdle, and M. Pallansch, VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES AND THE ENDGAME STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION, Annual Review of Microbiology, vol.59, issue.1, pp.587-635, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625

F. Adu, J. Iber, D. Bukbuk, N. Gumede, and S. Yang, Isolation of recombinant type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from a Nigerian child, Virus Research, vol.127, issue.1, pp.17-25, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.009

C. Estivariz, M. Watkins, D. Handoko, R. Rusipah, and J. Deshpande, A Large Vaccine???Derived Poliovirus Outbreak on Madura Island???Indonesia, 2005, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.197, issue.3, pp.347-354, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/525049

O. Kew, V. Morris-glasgow, M. Landaverde, C. Burns, and J. Shaw, Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Hispaniola Associated with Circulating Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus, Science, vol.296, issue.5566, pp.356-359, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1068284

X. Liang, Y. Zhang, W. Xu, N. Wen, and S. Zuo, An Outbreak of Poliomyelitis Caused by Type 1 Vaccine???Derived Poliovirus in China, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.194, issue.5, pp.545-551, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/506359

M. Rakoto-andrianarivelo, N. Gumede, S. Jegouic, J. Balanant, and S. Andriamamonjy, Reemergence of Recombinant Vaccine???Derived Poliovirus Outbreak in Madagascar, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.197, issue.10, pp.1427-1435, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/587694
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00318607

D. Rousset, M. Rakoto-andrianarivelo, R. Razafindratsimandresy, B. Randriamanalina, and S. Guillot, Recombinant Vaccine???Derived Poliovirus in Madagascar, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.9, issue.7, pp.885-887, 2003.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0907.020692
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00316067

H. Shimizu, B. Thorley, F. Paladin, K. Brussen, and V. Stambos, Circulation of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001, Journal of Virology, vol.78, issue.24, pp.13512-13521, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13512-13521.2004

C. Yang, T. Naguib, S. Yang, E. Nasr, and J. Jorba, Circulation of Endemic Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.15, pp.8366-8377, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.15.8366-8377.2003

B. Brown, M. Oberste, K. Maher, and M. Pallansch, Complete Genomic Sequencing Shows that Polioviruses and Members of Human Enterovirus Species C Are Closely Related in the Noncapsid Coding Region, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.16, pp.8973-8984, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8973-8984.2003

T. Pulli, P. Koskimies, and T. Hyypia, Molecular Comparison of Coxsackie A Virus Serotypes, Virology, vol.212, issue.1, pp.30-38, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.1995.1450

V. Racaniello, Picornaviridae: the viruses and their replication editors. Fields Virology fourth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp.685-722, 2001.

G. Hirst, Genetic Recombination with Newcastle Disease Virus, Polioviruses, and Influenza, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol.27, issue.0, pp.303-308, 1962.
DOI : 10.1101/SQB.1962.027.001.028

N. Ledinko, Genetic recombination with poliovirus type 1, Virology, vol.20, issue.1, pp.107-109, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90145-4

N. Cuervo, S. Guillot, N. Romanenkova, M. Combiescu, and A. Aubert-combiescu, Genomic Features of Intertypic Recombinant Sabin Poliovirus Strains Excreted by Primary Vaccinees, Journal of Virology, vol.75, issue.13, pp.5740-5751, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.75.13.5740-5751.2001

M. Georgescu, F. Delpeyroux, M. Tardy-panit, J. Balanant, and M. Combiescu, High diversity of poliovirus strains isolated from the central nervous system from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, J Virol, vol.68, pp.8089-8101, 1994.

S. Guillot, V. Caro, N. Cuervo, E. Korotkova, and M. Combiescu, Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.18, pp.8434-8443, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.18.8434-8443.2000

O. Kew, B. Nottay, M. Hatch, J. Nakano, and J. Obijeski, Multiple Genetic Changes Can Occur in the Oral Poliovaccines upon Replication in Humans, Journal of General Virology, vol.56, issue.2, pp.337-347, 1981.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-56-2-337

K. Kirkegaard and D. Baltimore, The mechanism of RNA recombination in poliovirus, Cell, vol.47, issue.3, pp.433-443, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90600-8

A. Lindberg, P. Andersson, C. Savolainen, M. Mulders, and T. Hovi, Evolution of the genome of Human enterovirus B: incongruence between phylogenies of the VP1 and 3CD regions indicates frequent recombination within the species, Journal of General Virology, vol.84, issue.5, pp.1223-1235, 2003.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.18971-0

A. Lukashev, V. Lashkevich, O. Ivanova, G. Koroleva, and A. Hinkkanen, Recombination in Circulating Enteroviruses, Journal of Virology, vol.77, issue.19, pp.10423-10431, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.77.19.10423-10431.2003

M. Rakoto-andrianarivelo, S. Guillot, J. Iber, J. Balanant, and B. Blondel, Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar, PLoS Pathogens, vol.229, issue.12, p.191, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030191.sg001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00318673

P. Simmonds and J. Welch, Frequency and Dynamics of Recombination within Different Species of Human Enteroviruses, Journal of Virology, vol.80, issue.1, pp.483-493, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.80.1.483-493.2006

E. Tolskaya, L. Romanova, M. Kolesnikova, and V. Agol, Intertypic recombination in poliovirus: Genetic and biochemical studies, Virology, vol.124, issue.1, pp.121-132, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90295-7

M. Lai, RNA Recombination in Animal and Plant Viruses, Microbiol Rev, vol.56, pp.61-79, 1992.

F. Riquet, C. Blanchard, S. Jegouic, J. Balanant, and S. Guillot, Impact of Exogenous Sequences on the Characteristics of an Epidemic Type 2 Recombinant Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.17, pp.8927-8932, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00239-08
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00318592

M. Oberste, K. Maher, D. Kilpatrick, and M. Pallansch, Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification, J Virol, vol.73, pp.1941-1948, 1999.

V. Caro, S. Guillot, F. Delpeyroux, and R. Crainic, Molecular strategy for ???serotyping??? of human enteroviruses, Journal of General Virology, vol.82, issue.1, pp.79-91, 2001.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-79

M. Oberste, K. Maher, M. Flemister, G. Marchetti, and D. Kilpatrick, Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of untypeable enteroviruses, J Clin Microbiol, vol.38, pp.1170-1174, 2000.

I. Goodfellow, Y. Chaudhry, A. Richardson, J. Meredith, and J. Almond, Identification of a cis-Acting Replication Element within the Poliovirus Coding Region, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.10, pp.4590-4600, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.10.4590-4600.2000

A. Paul, E. Rieder, D. Kim, J. Van-boom, and E. Wimmer, Identification of an RNA Hairpin in Poliovirus RNA That Serves as the Primary Template in the In Vitro Uridylylation of VPg, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.22, pp.10359-10370, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.22.10359-10370.2000

E. Rieder, A. Paul, D. Kim, J. Van-boom, and E. Wimmer, Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Poliovirus cis-Acting Replication Element cre in Relation to VPg Uridylylation, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.22, pp.10371-10380, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.22.10371-10380.2000

N. Newcombe, P. Andersson, E. Johansson, G. Au, and A. Lindberg, Cellular receptor interactions of C-cluster human group A coxsackieviruses, Journal of General Virology, vol.84, issue.11, pp.3041-3050, 2003.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.19329-0

D. Shafren, D. Dorahy, R. Ingham, G. Burns, and R. Barry, Coxsackievirus A21 binds to decay-accelerating factor but requires intercellular adhesion molecule 1 for cell entry, J Virol, vol.71, pp.4736-4743, 1997.

S. Wellicome, M. Thornhill, C. Pitzalis, D. Thomas, and J. Lanchbury, A monoclonal antibody that detects a novel antigen on endothelial cells that is induced by tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, or lipopolysaccharide, J Immunol, vol.144, pp.2558-2565, 1990.

M. Lopez, M. Aoubala, F. Jordier, D. Isnardon, and S. Gomez, The human poliovirus receptor related 2 protein is a new hematopoietic/endothelial homophilic adhesion molecule, Blood, vol.92, pp.4602-4611, 1998.

K. Lole, R. Bollinger, R. Paranjape, D. Gadkari, and S. Kulkarni, Fulllength human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination, J Virol, vol.73, pp.152-160, 1999.

M. Salminen, J. Carr, D. Burke, and F. Mccutchan, Identification of Breakpoints in Intergenotypic Recombinants of HIV Type 1 by Bootscanning, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1423-1425, 1995.
DOI : 10.1089/aid.1995.11.1423

E. Cherkasova, M. Yakovenko, G. Rezapkin, E. Korotkova, and O. Ivanova, Spread of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from a Paralytic Case in an Immunodeficient Child: an Insight into the Natural Evolution of Oral Polio Vaccine, Journal of Virology, vol.79, issue.2, pp.1062-1070, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1062-1070.2005

A. Macadam, S. Pollard, G. Ferguson, G. Dunn, and R. Skuce, The 5??? noncoding region of the type 2 poliovirus vaccine strain contains determinants of attenuation and temperature sensitivity, Virology, vol.181, issue.2, pp.451-458, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90877-E

A. Macadam, S. Pollard, G. Ferguson, R. Skuce, and D. Wood, Genetic Basis of Attenuation of the Sabin Type 2 Vaccine Strain of Poliovirus in Primates, Virology, vol.192, issue.1, pp.18-26, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.1993.1003

P. Jiang, J. Faase, H. Toyoda, A. Paul, and E. Wimmer, Evidence for emergence of diverse polioviruses from C-cluster coxsackie A viruses and implications for global poliovirus eradication, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.22, pp.9457-9462, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0700451104

C. Mendelsohn, E. Wimmer, and V. Racaniello, Cellular receptor for poliovirus: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, Cell, vol.56, issue.5, pp.855-865, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90690-9

J. Greve, G. Davis, A. Meyer, C. Forte, and S. Yost, The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1, Cell, vol.56, issue.5, pp.839-847, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90688-0

J. B. Melnick, D. Fields, P. M. Howley, R. M. Channock, J. L. Melnick et al., Enteroviruses : Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Newer Enteroviruses, Fields Virology, pp.655-712, 1996.

S. Chevaliez, A. Szendroi, V. Caro, J. Balanant, and S. Guillot, Molecular comparison of echovirus 11 strains circulating in Europe during an epidemic of multisystem hemorrhagic disease of infants indicates that evolution generally occurs by recombination, Virology, vol.325, issue.1, pp.56-70, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00319483

G. Oprisan, M. Combiescu, S. Guillot, V. Caro, and A. Combiescu, Natural genetic recombination between co-circulating heterotypic enteroviruses, Journal of General Virology, vol.83, issue.9, pp.2193-2200, 2002.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-83-9-2193

M. Bessaud, S. Jegouic, M. Joffret, C. Barge, and J. Balanant, Characterization of the genome of human enteroviruses: Design of generic primers for amplification and sequencing of different regions of the viral genome, Journal of Virological Methods, vol.149, issue.2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.01.027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00318628

K. Strimmer and A. Von-haeseler, Quartet Puzzling: A Quartet Maximum-Likelihood Method for Reconstructing Tree Topologies, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.13, issue.7, pp.964-969, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025664

M. Hasegawa, H. Kishino, T. Yano, M. Flemister, and M. Pallansch, Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.275, issue.3, pp.160-174, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02101694

J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP : phylogeny inference package, version 3.6a3 (computer program) Distributed by the author, 2000.

G. Perriere and M. Gouy, WWW-query: An on-line retrieval system for biological sequence banks, Biochimie, vol.78, issue.5, pp.364-369, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-9084(96)84768-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00435034

M. Zuker, D. Mathews, and D. Turner, Algorithms and Thermodynamics for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction. A Practical Guide in RNA Biochemistry and Biotechnology, NATO ASI Series, 1999.

M. Matrosovich, T. Matrosovich, W. Garten, and H. Klenk, New low-viscosity overlay medium for viral plaque assays, Virology Journal, vol.3, issue.1, p.63, 2006.
DOI : 10.1186/1743-422X-3-63

L. Reed and M. Muench, A simple method for estimating fifty percent endpoints, Amer J Hyg, vol.27, pp.493-497, 1938.

M. Pizzi, Sampling variation of the fifty percent end-point, determined by the Reed-Muench (Behrens) method, Hum Biol, vol.22, pp.151-190, 1950.

P. Minor, P. Pipkin, D. Hockley, G. Schild, and J. Almond, Monoclonal antibodies which block cellular receptors of poliovirus, Virus Research, vol.1, issue.3, pp.203-212, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1702(84)90039-X