M. Mock and A. Fouet, Anthrax, Annual Review of Microbiology, vol.55, issue.1, pp.647-671, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.647
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00083712

R. Lincoln, D. Hodges, F. Klein, B. Mahlandt, and F. Jones, Role of the Lymphatics in the Pathogenesis of Anthrax, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.115, issue.5, pp.481-494, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/115.5.481

J. Ross, The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route, The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, vol.lxxix, issue.2, pp.485-494, 1957.
DOI : 10.1002/path.1700730219

P. Turnbull, Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future, Vaccine, vol.9, issue.8, pp.533-539, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90237-Z

D. Six and E. Dennis, The expanding superfamily of phospholipase A2 enzymes: classification and characterization, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol.1488, issue.1-2, pp.1-19, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00105-0

E. Valentin and G. Lambeau, Increasing molecular diversity of secreted phospholipases A2 and their receptors and binding proteins, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol.1488, issue.1-2, pp.59-70, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00110-4

J. Weiss, M. Inada, P. Elsbach, and R. Crowl, Structural determinants of the action against Escherichia coli of a human inflammatory fluid phospholipase A2 in concert with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J Biol Chem, vol.269, pp.26331-26337, 1994.

V. Laine, D. Grass, and T. Nevalainen, Protection by group II phospholipase A2 against Staphylococcus aureus, J Immunol, vol.162, pp.7402-7408, 1999.

L. Arbibe, D. Vial, I. Rosinski-chupin, N. Havet, and M. Huerre, Endotoxin induces expression of type II phospholipase A2 in macrophages during acute lung injury in guinea pigs: involvement of TNFfalphag in lipopolysaccharide-induced type II phospholipase A2 synthesis, J Immunol, vol.159, pp.391-400, 1997.

H. Attalah, Y. Wu, M. Alaoui-el-azher, F. Thouron, and K. Koumanov, Induction of type-IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in animal models of acute lung injury, European Respiratory Journal, vol.21, issue.6, pp.1040-1045, 2003.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.03.00093002

L. Arbibe, K. Koumanov, D. Vial, C. Rougeot, and G. Faure, Generation of lyso-phospholipids from surfactant in acute lung injury is mediated by type-II phospholipase A2 and inhibited by a direct surfactant protein A-phospholipase A2 protein interaction., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.102, issue.6, pp.1152-1160, 1998.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI3236

Z. Ni, N. Okeley, B. Smart, and M. Gelb, Intracellular Actions of Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase A2 and Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Contribute to Arachidonic Acid Release and Prostaglandin Production in Rat Gastric Mucosal Cells and Transfected Human Embryonic Kidney Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.281, issue.24, pp.16245-16255, 2006.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M513874200

Y. Weinrauch, C. Abad, N. Liang, S. Lowry, and J. Weiss, Mobilization of potent plasma bactericidal activity during systemic bacterial challenge. Role of group IIA phospholipase A2., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.102, issue.3, pp.633-638, 1998.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI3121

S. Harwig, L. Tan, X. Qu, Y. Cho, and P. Eisenhauer, Bactericidal properties of murine intestinal phospholipase A2., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.95, issue.2, pp.603-610, 1995.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI117704

J. Gronroos, V. Laine, and T. Nevalainen, Bactericidal Group IIA Phospholipase A2 in Serum of Patients with Bacterial Infections, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.185, issue.12, pp.1767-1772, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/340821

Y. Weinrauch, A. Foreman, C. Shu, K. Zarember, and O. Levy, Extracellular accumulation of potently microbicidal bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and p15s in an evolving sterile rabbit peritoneal inflammatory exudate., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.95, issue.4, pp.1916-1924, 1995.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI117873

A. Gimenez, Y. Wu, M. Paya, C. Delclaux, and L. Touqui, High Bactericidal Efficiency of Type IIA Phospholipase A2 against Bacillus anthracis and Inhibition of Its Secretion by the Lethal Toxin, The Journal of Immunology, vol.173, issue.1, pp.521-530, 2004.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.521

A. Piris-gimenez, M. Paya, G. Lambeau, M. Chignard, and M. Mock, In Vivo Protective Role of Human Group IIA Phospholipase A2 against Experimental Anthrax, The Journal of Immunology, vol.175, issue.10, pp.6786-6791, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6786
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00083712

C. Baldari, F. Tonello, S. Paccani, and C. Montecucco, Anthrax toxins: a paradigm of bacterial immune suppression, Trends in Immunology, vol.27, issue.9, pp.434-440, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.it.2006.07.002

T. Fukao, Immune system paralysis by anthrax lethal toxin: the roles of innate and adaptive immunity, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.3, pp.166-170, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)00940-5

S. Leppla, Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.79, issue.10, pp.3162-3166, 1982.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.79.10.3162

J. De-rooij, F. Zwartkruis, M. Verheijen, R. Cool, and S. Nijman, Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP, Nature, vol.396, pp.474-477, 1998.

D. Voth, H. Hamm, L. Nguyen, A. Tucker, and I. Salles, Bacillus anthracis oedema toxin as a cause of tissue necrosis and cell type-specific cytotoxicity, Cellular Microbiology, vol.281, issue.8, pp.1139-1149, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13899

M. Conkright and M. Montminy, CREB: the unindicted cancer co-conspirator, Trends in Cell Biology, vol.15, issue.9, pp.457-459, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.07.007

M. Schiller, F. Verrecchia, and A. Mauviel, Cyclic adenosine 3???,5???-monophosphate-elevating agents inhibit transforming growth factor-??-induced SMAD3/4-dependent transcription via a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism, Oncogene, vol.22, issue.55, pp.8881-8890, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1206871
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00147460

M. Andreani, J. Olivier, F. Berenbaum, M. Raymondjean, and G. Bereziat, Transcriptional regulation of inflammatory secreted phospholipases A2, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol.1488, issue.1-2, pp.149-158, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00117-7

S. Thiagalingam, K. Cheng, H. Lee, N. Mineva, and A. Thiagalingam, Histone Deacetylases: Unique Players in Shaping the Epigenetic Histone Code, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.22, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.84-100, 2003.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05964.x

H. Lee, N. Rezai-zadeh, and E. Seto, Negative Regulation of Histone Deacetylase 8 Activity by Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.24, issue.2, pp.765-773, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.24.2.765-773.2004

R. Dziarski and D. Gupta, Peptidoglycan recognition in innate immunity, Journal of Endotoxin Research, vol.11, issue.5, pp.304-310, 2005.
DOI : 10.1179/096805105X67256

I. Glomski, J. Fritz, S. Keppler, V. Balloy, and M. Chignard, Murine splenocytes produce inflammatory cytokines in a MyD88-dependent response to Bacillus anthracis spores, Cellular Microbiology, vol.51, issue.2, pp.502-513, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1094351

A. Pickering, M. Osorio, G. Lee, V. Grippe, and M. Bray, Cytokine Response to Infection with Bacillus anthracis Spores, Infection and Immunity, vol.72, issue.11, pp.6382-6389, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6382-6389.2004

K. Chakrabarty, W. Wu, J. Booth, E. Duggan, and K. Coggeshall, Bacillus anthracis Spores Stimulate Cytokine and Chemokine Innate Immune Responses in Human Alveolar Macrophages through Multiple Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways, Infection and Immunity, vol.74, issue.8, pp.4430-4438, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00446-06

J. Tournier, A. Quesnel-hellmann, J. Mathieu, C. Montecucco, and W. Tang, Anthrax Edema Toxin Cooperates with Lethal Toxin to Impair Cytokine Secretion during Infection of Dendritic Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.174, issue.8, pp.4934-4941, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4934

C. Guidi-rontani, M. Weber-levy, E. Labruyè-re, and M. Mock, Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores within alveolar macrophages, Molecular Microbiology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.9-17, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0966-842X(93)90089-A

C. Hunt, W. Nauseef, and J. Weiss, Effect of D-Alanylation of (Lipo)Teichoic Acids of Staphylococcus aureus on Host Secretory Phospholipase A2 Action before and after Phagocytosis by Human Neutrophils, The Journal of Immunology, vol.176, issue.8, pp.4987-4994, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4987

T. Candela and A. Fouet, Bacillus anthracis CapD, belonging to the ??-glutamyltranspeptidase family, is required for the covalent anchoring of capsule to peptidoglycan, Molecular Microbiology, vol.63, issue.3, pp.717-726, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04718.x

C. Pezard, P. Berche, and M. Mock, Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis, Infect Immun, vol.59, pp.3472-3477, 1991.

J. Feuillard, S. Mé, B. Goudeau, A. Lilienbaum, and R. Schmidt-ullrich, In vivo identification of lymphocyte subsets exhibiting transcriptionally active NF-kappaB/Rel complexes, International Immunology, vol.12, issue.5, pp.613-621, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/intimm/12.5.613

Y. Wu, S. Medjane, S. Chabot, F. Kubrusly, and I. Raw, Surfactant Protein-A and Phosphatidylglycerol Suppress Type IIA Phospholipase A2 Synthesis via Nuclear Factor-??B, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.168, issue.6, pp.692-699, 2003.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200304-467OC

M. Lyons, T. Yoshimura, and D. Mcmurray, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Augments Interleukin-8 mRNA Expression and Protein Production in Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Infection and Immunity, vol.70, issue.10, pp.5471-5478, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5471-5478.2002

M. Paya, M. Terencio, M. Ferrandiz, and M. Alcaraz, Involvement of secretory phospholipase A2 activity in the zymosan rat air pouch model of inflammation, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.265, issue.8, pp.1773-1779, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15353.x

R. Franson, P. Patriarca, and P. Elsbach, Phospholipid metabolism by phagocytic cells: phospholipases A2 associated with rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules, J Lipid Res, vol.15, pp.380-388, 1974.

V. Antonio, A. Brouillet, B. Janvier, C. Monne, and G. Bereziat, Transcriptional regulation of the rat type IIA phospholipase A2 gene by cAMP and interleukin-1?? in vascular smooth muscle cells: interplay of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), nuclear factor-??B and Ets transcription factors, Biochemical Journal, vol.368, issue.2, pp.415-424, 2002.
DOI : 10.1042/bj20020658