R. T. Abraham and A. Weiss, Jurkat T cells and development of the T-cell receptor signalling paradigm, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.4, pp.301-308, 2004.

E. Arpaia, M. Shahar, H. Dadi, A. Cohen, and C. M. Roifman, Defective T cell receptor signaling and CD8+ thymic selection in humans lacking zap-70 kinase, Cell, vol.76, pp.947-958, 1994.

K. B. Bacon, M. C. Szabo, H. Yssel, J. B. Bolen, and T. J. Schall, RANTES induces tyrosine kinase activity of stably complexed p125FAK and ZAP-70 in human T cells, J Exp Med, vol.184, pp.873-882, 1996.

M. Barda-saad, A. Braiman, R. Titerence, S. C. Bunnell, V. A. Barr et al., Dynamic molecular interactions linking the T cell antigen receptor to the actin cytoskeleton, Nat Immunol, vol.6, pp.80-89, 2005.

A. L. Barnard, T. Igakura, Y. Tanaka, G. P. Taylor, and C. R. Bangham, Engagement of specific T-cell surface molecules regulates cytoskeletal polarization in HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes, Blood, vol.106, pp.988-995, 2005.

N. Blanchard, D. Bartolo, V. Hivroz, and C. , In the immune synapse, ZAP-70 controls T cell polarization and recruitment of signaling proteins but not formation of the synaptic pattern, Immunity, vol.17, pp.389-399, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00138115

G. Blot, K. Janvier, L. Panse, S. Benarous, R. Berlioz-torrent et al., Targeting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope to the trans-Golgi network through binding to TIP47 is required for env incorporation into virions and infectivity, J Virol, vol.77, pp.6931-6945, 2003.

S. Cemerski and A. Shaw, Immune synapses in T-cell activation, Curr Opin Immunol, vol.18, pp.298-304, 2006.

N. Chazal and D. Gerlier, Virus entry, assembly, budding, and membrane rafts, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, vol.67, pp.226-237, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00113108

Y. L. Chiu, V. B. Soros, J. F. Kreisberg, K. Stopak, W. Yonemoto et al., Cellular APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4(+) T cells, Nature, vol.435, pp.108-114, 2005.

R. I. Connor, B. K. Chen, S. Choe, and N. R. Landau, Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in mononuclear phagocytes, Virology, vol.206, pp.935-944, 1995.

V. Das, B. Nal, A. Dujeancourt, M. I. Thoulouze, T. Galli et al., Activation-induced polarized recycling targets T cell antigen receptors to the immunological synapse, Immunity, vol.20, pp.577-588, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00137478

A. J. Davis, P. Li, and C. J. Burrell, Kinetics of viral RNA synthesis following cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, J Gen Virol, vol.78, pp.1897-1906, 1997.

D. G. Demirov and E. O. Freed, Retrovirus budding, Virus Res, vol.106, pp.87-102, 2004.

D. S. Dimitrov, R. L. Willey, H. Sato, L. J. Chang, R. Blumenthal et al., Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection kinetics, J Virol, vol.67, pp.2182-2190, 1993.

M. L. Dustin, S. Y. Tseng, R. Varma, and G. Campi, T cell-dendritic cell immunological synapses, Curr Opin Immunol, vol.18, pp.512-516, 2006.

M. E. Elder, D. Lin, J. Clever, A. C. Chan, T. J. Hope et al., Human severe combined immunodeficiency due to a defect in ZAP-70, a T cell tyrosine kinase, Science, vol.264, pp.1596-1599, 1994.

E. Garcia, M. Pion, A. Pelchen-matthews, L. Collinson, J. F. Arrighi et al., , 2005.

, HIV-1 trafficking to the dendritic cell-T-cell infectious synapse uses a pathway of tetraspanin sorting to the immunological synapse, Traffic, vol.6, pp.488-501

S. Goda, A. C. Quale, M. L. Woods, A. Felthauser, and Y. Shimizu, Control of TCR-mediated activation of beta 1 integrins by the ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase interdomain B region and the linker for activation of T cells adapter protein, J Immunol, vol.172, pp.5379-5387, 2004.

T. S. Gomez, S. D. Mccarney, E. Carrizosa, C. M. Labno, E. O. Comiskey et al., HS1 functions as an essential actinregulatory adaptor protein at the immune synapse, Immunity, vol.24, pp.741-752, 2006.

C. E. Griffith, W. Zhang, and R. L. Wange, ZAP-70-dependent and -independent activation of Erk in Jurkat T cells. Differences in signaling induced by H2o2 and Cd3 cross-linking, J Biol Chem, vol.273, pp.10771-10776, 1998.

B. Grigorov, F. Arcanger, P. Roingeard, J. L. Darlix, and D. Muriaux, Assembly of infectious HIV-1 in human epithelial and T-lymphoblastic cell lines, J Mol Biol, vol.359, pp.848-862, 2006.

A. T. Haase, Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.5, pp.783-792, 2005.

C. E. Hioe, P. C. Chien, C. Lu, T. A. Springer, X. H. Wang et al., LFA-1 expression on target cells promotes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and transmission, J Virol, vol.75, pp.1077-1082, 2001.

C. Hivroz and A. Fischer, Immunodeficiency diseases. Multiple roles for ZAP-70, Curr Biol, vol.4, pp.731-733, 1994.

T. Igakura, J. C. Stinchcombe, P. K. Goon, G. P. Taylor, J. N. Weber et al., Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton, Science, vol.299, pp.1713-1716, 2003.

D. C. Johnson and M. T. Huber, Directed egress of animal viruses promotes cell-to-cell spread, J Virol, vol.76, pp.1-8, 2002.

C. Jolly, K. Kashefi, M. Hollinshead, and Q. J. Sattentau, HIV-1 cell to cell transfer across an Env-induced, actin-dependent synapse, J Exp Med, vol.199, pp.283-293, 2004.

C. Jolly and Q. J. Sattentau, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virological synapse formation in T cells requires lipid raft integrity, J Virol, vol.79, pp.12088-12094, 2005.

T. Kok, P. Li, and C. Burrell, Cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection induces two distinct phases of viral RNA expression under separate regulatory control, J Gen Virol, vol.74, pp.33-38, 1993.

M. Krogsgaard, J. B. Huppa, M. A. Purbhoo, and M. M. Davis, Linking molecular and cellular events in T-cell activation and synapse formation, Semin Immunol, vol.15, pp.307-315, 2003.

Q. Li, L. Duan, J. D. Estes, Z. M. Ma, T. Rourke et al., Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells, Nature, vol.434, pp.1148-1152, 2005.

V. Maréchal, F. Clavel, J. M. Heard, and O. Schwartz, Cytosolic Gag p24 as an index of productive entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, J Virol, vol.72, pp.2208-2212, 1998.

M. Marsh and A. Helenius, Virus entry: open sesame, Cell, vol.124, pp.729-740, 2006.

E. Meinl, D. Lengenfelder, N. Blank, R. Pirzer, L. Barata et al., Differential requirement of ZAP-70 for CD2-mediated activation pathways of mature human T cells, J Immunol, vol.165, pp.3578-3583, 2000.

L. R. Miranda, B. C. Schaefer, A. Kupfer, Z. Hu, and A. Franzusoff, Cell surface expression of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins is directed from intracellular CTLA-4-containing regulated secretory granules, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.99, pp.8031-8036, 2002.

E. Morita and W. I. Sundquist, Retrovirus budding, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, vol.20, pp.395-425, 2004.

M. Nejmeddine, A. L. Barnard, Y. Tanaka, G. P. Taylor, and C. R. Bangham, Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1, tax protein triggers microtubule reorientation in the virological synapse, J Biol Chem, vol.280, pp.29653-29660, 2005.

C. Nobile, C. Petit, A. Moris, K. Skrabal, J. P. Abastado et al., Covert human immunodeficiency virus replication in dendritic cells and in DC-SIGN-expressing cells promotes long-term transmission to lymphocytes, J Virol, vol.79, pp.5386-5399, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01372653

N. Noraz, K. Schwarz, M. Steinberg, V. Dardalhon, C. Rebouissou et al., Alternative antigen receptor (TCR) signaling in T cells derived from ZAP-70-deficient patients expressing high levels of Syk, J Biol Chem, vol.275, pp.15832-15838, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02196824

S. Nydegger, S. Khurana, D. N. Krementsov, M. Foti, and M. Thali, Mapping of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains that can function as gateways for HIV-1, J Cell Biol, vol.173, pp.795-807, 2006.

R. Pearce-pratt, D. Malamud, and D. M. Phillips, Role of the cytoskeleton in cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, J Virol, vol.68, pp.2898-2905, 1994.

A. Pelchen-matthews, B. Kramer, and M. Marsh, Infectious HIV-1 assembles in late endosomes in primary macrophages, J Cell Biol, vol.162, pp.443-455, 2003.

L. Pelkmans, Viruses as probes for systems analysis of cellular signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and endocytosis, Curr Opin Microbiol, vol.8, pp.331-337, 2005.

M. Perlman and M. D. Resh, Identification of an intracellular trafficking and assembly pathway for HIV-1 gag, Traffic, vol.7, pp.731-745, 2006.

C. Petit, F. Buseyne, C. Boccaccio, J. P. Abastado, J. M. Heard et al., Nef is required for efficient HIV-1 replication in cocultures of dendritic cells and lymphocytes, Virology, vol.286, pp.225-236, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01372726

D. M. Phillips, The role of cell-to-cell transmission in HIV infection, Aids, vol.8, pp.719-731, 1994.

V. Piguet and Q. Sattentau, Dangerous liaisons at the virological synapse, J Clin Invest, vol.114, pp.605-610, 2004.

A. Roumier, J. C. Olivo-marin, M. Arpin, F. Michel, M. Martin et al., The membrane-microfilament linker ezrin is involved in the formation of the immunological synapse and in T cell activation, Immunity, vol.15, pp.715-728, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00161327

Y. Sasahara, R. Rachid, M. J. Byrne, M. A. De-la-fuente, R. T. Abraham et al., Mechanism of recruitment of WASP to the immunological synapse and of its activation following TCR ligation, Mol Cell, vol.10, pp.1269-1281, 2002.

H. Sato, J. Orenstein, D. Dimitrov, and M. Martin, Cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 occurs within minutes and may not involve the participation of virus particles, Virology, vol.186, pp.712-724, 1992.

O. Schwartz, V. Maréchal, O. Danos, and J. M. Heard, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef increases the efficiency of reverse transcription in the infected cell, J Virol, vol.69, pp.4053-4059, 1995.

A. Simmons, V. Aluvihare, and A. Mcmichael, Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators, Immunity, vol.14, pp.763-777, 2001.

R. D. Soede, M. H. Driessens, L. Ruuls-van-stalle, P. E. Van-hulten, A. Brink et al., LFA-1 to LFA-1 signals involve zeta-associated protein-70 (ZAP-70) tyrosine kinase: relevance for invasion and migration of a T cell hybridoma, J Immunol, vol.163, pp.4253-4261, 1999.

M. Sourisseau, N. Sol-foulon, F. Porrot, F. Blanchet, and O. Schwartz, Inefficient HIV replication in mobile lymphocytes, J Virol, 2007.

M. Stevenson, HIV-1 pathogenesis, Nat Med, vol.9, pp.853-860, 2003.

M. Stevenson, T. L. Stanwick, M. P. Dempsey, and C. A. Lamonica, HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration, EMBO J, vol.9, pp.1551-1560, 1990.

M. R. Tardif and M. J. Tremblay, LFA-1 is a key determinant for preferential infection of memory CD4+ T cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1, J Virol, vol.79, pp.13714-13724, 2005.

M. I. Thoulouze, N. Sol-foulon, F. Blanchet, A. Dautry-varsat, O. Schwartz et al., Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection impairs the formation of the immunological synapse, Immunity, vol.24, pp.547-561, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00137479

M. Ticchioni, C. Charvet, N. Noraz, L. Lamy, M. Steinberg et al., Signaling through ZAP-70 is required for CXCL12-mediated T-cell transendothelial migration, Blood, vol.99, pp.3111-3118, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02197543

B. L. Williams, K. L. Schreiber, W. Zhang, R. L. Wange, L. E. Samelson et al., Genetic evidence for differential coupling of Syk family kinases to the T-cell receptor: reconstitution studies in a ZAP-70-deficient Jurkat T-cell line, Mol Cell Biol, vol.18, pp.1388-1399, 1998.

J. A. Zack, S. J. Arrigo, S. R. Weitsman, A. S. Go, A. Haislip et al., HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure, Cell, vol.61, pp.213-222, 1990.

, ZAP-70 and HIV cell-to-cell transfer N Sol-Foulon et al