W. P. Hausdorff, Invasive pneumococcal disease in children: geographic and temporal variations in incidence and serotype distribution, Eur J Pediatr, vol.161, issue.2, pp.135-139, 2002.

W. Hausdorff, G. Siber, and P. R. Paradiso, Geographical differences in invasive pneumococcal disease rates and serotype frequency in young children, Lancet, vol.357, issue.9260, pp.950-952, 2001.

K. Cartwright, Pneumococcal disease in Western Europe: burden of disease, antibiotic resistance and management, Eur J Pediatr, vol.161, issue.4, pp.188-195, 2002.

T. Jefferson, E. Ferroni, and F. Curtale, Streptococcus pneumoniae in Western Europe: serotype distribution and incidence in children less than 2 years old, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.6, issue.7, pp.405-410, 2006.

P. Klemets, O. Lyytikäinen, and P. Ruutu, Trends and geographical variation in invasive pneumococcal infections in Finland, Scand J Infect Dis, vol.40, issue.8, pp.621-628, 2008.

D. R. Feikin, E. W. Kagucia, and J. D. Loo, Serotype-specific changes in invasive pneumococcal disease after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction: a pooled analysis of multiple surveillance sites, PLoS Med, vol.10, issue.9, p.1001517, 2013.

J. B. Rosen, A. R. Thomas, and C. A. Lexau, Geographic variation in invasive pneumococcal disease following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in the United States, Clin Infect Dis, vol.53, issue.2, pp.137-143, 2011.

W. P. Hausdorff and S. Black, What is the heterogeneity in the impact seen with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines telling us? Vaccine, vol.35, pp.3797-3800, 2017.

T. Shiri, S. Datta, and J. Madan, Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Glob Health, vol.5, issue.1, pp.51-59, 2017.

S. M. Davis, M. Deloria-knoll, and H. T. Kassa, Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive disease among unvaccinated people: review of evidence on indirect effects, Vaccine, vol.32, issue.1, pp.133-145, 2013.

G. Hanquet, E. Kissling, and A. Fenoll, Pneumococcal serotypes in children in 4 European countries, Emerg Infect Dis, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1428-1439, 2010.

C. A. Ihekweazu, D. Dance, and R. Pebody, Trends in incidence of pneumococcal disease before introduction of conjugate vaccine, Epidemiol Infect, vol.136, issue.8, pp.1096-1102, 1996.

H. Schønheyder, H. Sørensen, and B. Kristensen, Reasons for increase in pneumococcal bacteraemia, Lancet, vol.349, issue.9064, p.1554, 1997.

, Am J Epidemiol, vol.188, issue.8, 2019.

, Institut Pasteur user on, vol.17, 2020.

R. G. Pebody, W. Hellenbrand, D. 'ancona, and F. , Pneumococcal disease surveillance in Europe, Euro Surveill, vol.11, issue.9, pp.171-178, 2006.

A. K. Takala, J. Jero, and E. Kela, Risk factors for primary invasive pneumococcal disease among children in Finland, JAMA, vol.273, issue.11, pp.859-864, 1995.

O. S. Levine, M. Farley, and L. H. Harrison, Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in children: a population-based case-control study in North America, Pediatrics, vol.103, issue.3, p.28, 1999.

M. Watson, R. Gilmour, and R. Menzies, The association of respiratory viruses, temperature, and other climatic parameters with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in, Clin Infect Dis, vol.42, issue.2, pp.211-215, 2006.

J. Lynch and G. Zhanel, Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and strategies for prevention, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, vol.30, issue.2, pp.189-209, 2009.

D. R. Murdoch and L. C. Jennings, Association of respiratory virus activity and environmental factors with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, J Infect, vol.58, issue.1, pp.37-46, 2009.

A. N. White, V. Ng, and C. V. Spain, Let the sun shine in: effects of ultraviolet radiation on invasive pneumococcal disease risk in, BMC Infect Dis, vol.9, issue.1, p.196, 2009.

R. Cohen, E. Varon, and S. Béchet, Comparative impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis according to underlying conditions, Vaccine, 2016.

M. Weisfelt, J. De-gans, and A. Van-der-ende, Communityacquired bacterial meningitis in alcoholic patients, PLoS One, vol.5, issue.2, p.9102, 2010.

L. F. Lundbo and T. Benfield, Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis, Infect Dis, vol.49, issue.6, pp.433-444, 2017.

K. S. Adriani, M. C. Brouwer, and D. Van-de-beek, Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, Neth J Med, vol.73, issue.2, pp.53-60, 2015.

F. Hénaff, C. Levy, and R. Cohen, Risk factors in children older than 5 years with pneumococcal meningitis: data from a national network, Pediatr Infect Dis J, vol.36, issue.5, pp.457-461, 2017.

A. Lepoutre, E. Varon, and S. Georges, Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in France, Vaccine, vol.33, issue.2, pp.359-366, 2001.

A. Alari, H. Chaussade, D. De-cellès, and M. , Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis cases in France between 2001 and 2014: a time series analysis, BMC Med, vol.14, issue.1, p.211, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01420771

P. Tuppin, J. Rudant, and P. Constantinou, Value of a national administrative database to guide public decisions: from the Système National d'Information Interrégimes de l'Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) to the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) in France, Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, vol.65, pp.149-167, 2017.

V. Institut-de and . Sanitaire, Estimation of vaccination coverage in the private sector through the "échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires, 2004.

V. Institut-de and . Sanitaire, Déterminants socio-économiques des vaccinations BCG et pneumocoque chez les enfants de la région parisienne, 2013.

P. C. Austin, H. Stryhn, and G. Leckie, Measures of clustering and heterogeneity in multilevel Poisson regression analyses of rates/count data, Stat Med, vol.37, issue.4, pp.572-589, 2018.

A. Lepoutre, E. Varon, and S. Georges, Impact of infant pneumococcal vaccination on invasive pneumococcal diseases in France, Euro Surveill, vol.13, issue.35, p.18962, 2001.

C. Levy, E. Varon, and C. Picard, Trends of pneumococcal meningitis in children after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in France, Pediatr Infect Dis J, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1216-1221, 2014.

L. Opatowski, E. Varon, and C. Dupont, Assessing pneumococcal meningitis association with viral respiratory infections and antibiotics: insights from statistical and mathematical models, Proc Biol Sci, vol.280, p.20130519, 1764.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02089188

J. A. Mccullers, J. L. Mcauley, and S. Browall, Influenza enhances susceptibility to natural acquisition of and disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in ferrets, J Infect Dis, vol.202, issue.8, pp.1287-1295, 2010.

M. Domenech-de-cellès, M. Pons-salort, and E. Varon, Interaction of vaccination and reduction of antibiotic use drives unexpected increase of pneumococcal meningitis, Sci Rep, vol.5, p.11293, 2015.

P. E. Kim, D. M. Musher, and W. P. Glezen, Association of invasive pneumococcal disease with season, atmospheric conditions, air pollution, and the isolation of respiratory viruses, Clin Infect Dis, vol.22, issue.1, pp.100-106, 1996.

J. F. Jusot, D. R. Neill, and E. M. Waters, Airborne dust and high temperatures are risk factors for invasive bacterial disease, J Allergy Clin Immunol, vol.139, issue.3, pp.977-986, 2017.

P. Ciruela, S. Broner, and C. Izquierdo, Invasive pneumococcal disease rates linked to meteorological factors and respiratory virus circulation (Catalonia, BMC Public Health, vol.16, issue.1, p.400, 2016.

V. Institut-de and . Sanitaire, Mesure de la couverture vaccinale en France: sources et données actuelles, 2012.

, Direction de la Recherche, des Études, de l'Évaluation et des Statistiques, 2012.