S. R. Blanke, Micro-managing the executioner: pathogen targeting of mitochondria, Trends in Microbiology, vol.13, issue.2, pp.64-71, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.007

L. F. Fielden, Y. Kang, H. J. Newton, and D. Stojanovski, Targeting mitochondria: how intravacuolar bacterial pathogens manipulate mitochondria, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.17, issue.1, pp.141-154, 2017.
DOI : 10.1111/cmi.12384

C. Ma, Citrobacter rodentium infection causes both mitochondrial dysfunction and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in vivo: role of mitochondrial associated protein (Map), Cellular Microbiology, vol.46, issue.10, pp.1669-1686, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00414.x

F. Stavru, F. Bouillaud, A. Sartori, D. Ricquier, and P. Cossart, Listeria monocytogenes transiently alters mitochondrial dynamics during infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.3612-3617, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.057
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3612.full.pdf

P. Escoll, S. Mondino, M. Rolando, and C. Buchrieser, Targeting of host organelles by pathogenic bacteria: a sophisticated subversion strategy, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.5-19, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.str.2013.02.024
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01326394

A. P. West, G. S. Shadel, and S. Ghosh, Mitochondria in innate immune responses, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.278, issue.6, pp.389-402, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M210269200
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4281487/pdf

P. Correa, Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process. First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Res, vol.52, pp.6735-6740, 1992.

R. M. Peek and J. Crabtree, Helicobacter infection and gastric neoplasia, The Journal of Pathology, vol.128, issue.2, pp.233-248, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3658
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.1868/pdf

E. Touati, When bacteria become mutagenic and carcinogenic: Lessons from H. pylori, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, vol.703, issue.1, pp.66-70, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.014
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01651959

E. Touati, Chronic Helicobacter pylori infections induce gastric mutations in mice1 1This report is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Maurice Hofnung., Gastroenterology, vol.124, issue.5, pp.1408-1419, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00266-X

D. M. Hardbower, R. M. Peek, . Jr, and K. T. Wilson, At the Bench: Helicobacter pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.96, issue.2, pp.201-212, 2014.
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.4BT0214-099R
URL : http://www.jleukbio.org/content/96/2/201.full.pdf

J. A. Strickertsson, C. Desler, and L. J. Rasmussen, Impact of bacterial infections on aging and cancer: Impairment of DNA repair and mitochondrial function of host cells, Experimental Gerontology, vol.56, pp.164-174, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.024

A. Galmiche and J. Rassow, VacA to mitochondria, Gut Microbes, vol.8, issue.6, pp.392-395, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nrmicro2421

F. Calore, Endosome???mitochondria juxtaposition during apoptosis induced by H. pylori VacA, Cell Death and Differentiation, vol.267, issue.11, pp.1707-1716, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nprot.2007.365
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530826

G. Domanska, Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin/Subunit p34: Targeting of an Anion Channel to the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, PLoS Pathogens, vol.353, issue.4, p.1000878, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000878.g006

J. H. Foo, Both the p33 and p55 Subunits of the Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin Are Targeted to Mammalian Mitochondria, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.401, issue.5, pp.792-798, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.065

P. Jain, Z. Q. Luo, and S. R. Blanke, Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) engages the mitochondrial fission machinery to induce host cell death, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.7, issue.2, pp.16032-16037, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00446.x

M. R. Terebiznik, ???s vacuolating cytotoxin on the autophagy pathway in gastric epithelial cells, Autophagy, vol.5, issue.3, pp.370-379, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/auto.5.3.7663

N. Garrido, Composition and Dynamics of Human Mitochondrial Nucleoids, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.14, issue.4, pp.1583-1596, 2003.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E02-07-0399
URL : http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/14/4/1583.full.pdf

A. Machado, Helicobacter pylori Infection Induces Genetic Instability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA in Gastric Cells, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.15, issue.9, pp.2995-3002, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2686

A. M. Machado, Helicobacter pylori infection affects mitochondrial function and DNA repair, thus, mediating genetic instability in gastric cells, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.134, issue.10, pp.460-466, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mad.2013.08.004

T. Wang, Synergistic interaction between hypergastrinemia and Helicobacter infection in a mouse model of gastric cancer, Gastroenterology, vol.118, issue.1, pp.36-47, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70412-4

J. G. Fox, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer in INS-GAS mice is gender specific, Cancer Research, vol.63, pp.942-950, 2003.

A. Lee, A standardized mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection: Introducing the Sydney strain, Gastroenterology, vol.112, issue.4, pp.1386-1397, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70155-0

M. Yano, N. Hoogenraad, K. Terada, and M. Mori, Identification and Functional Analysis of Human Tom22 for Protein Import into Mitochondria, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.20, issue.19, pp.7205-7213, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.20.19.7205-7213.2000

M. Latil, Skeletal muscle stem cells adopt a dormant cell state post mortem and retain regenerative capacity, Nature Communications, vol.76, p.903, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-4773(98)00093-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00711881

A. M. Sokol, M. E. Sztolsztener, M. Wasilewski, E. Heinz, and A. Chacinska, Mitochondrial protein translocases for survival and wellbeing, FEBS Letters, vol.105, issue.10, pp.2484-2495, 2014.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0712209105
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.028/pdf

G. V. Chaitanya, A. J. Steven, and P. Babu, PARP-1 cleavage fragments: signatures of cell-death proteases in neurodegeneration, Cell Communication and Signaling, vol.8, issue.1, p.31, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1478-811X-8-31

J. Canales, Helicobacter pylori Induced Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase/mTOR Activation Increases Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha to Promote Loss of Cyclin D1 and G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Gastric Cells, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, vol.7, p.92, 2017.

L. Chatre and M. Ricchetti, Large heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA transcription and initiation of replication exposed by single-cell imaging, Journal of Cell Science, vol.126, issue.4, pp.914-926, 2013.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.114322

P. Rocheteau, Sepsis induces long-term metabolic and mitochondrial muscle stem cell dysfunction amenable by mesenchymal stem cell therapy, Nature Communications, vol.4, p.10145, 2015.
DOI : 10.1038/nm.1905
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01246546

L. Doridot, , a Pre-Eclampsia-Associated Gene, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, vol.21, issue.6, pp.819-834, 2014.
DOI : 10.1089/ars.2013.5661

H. Mei, Reduced mtDNA copy number increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, Cell Death and Disease, vol.267, issue.4, p.1710, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0002459

A. D. Vinion-dubiel, Vacuolating Toxin (VacA) Inhibits VacA-induced Cell Vacuolation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.66, issue.53, pp.37736-37742, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.274.5294.1850
URL : http://www.jbc.org/content/274/53/37736.full.pdf

X. Sewald, L. Jimenez-soto, and R. Haas, PKC-dependent endocytosis of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin in primary T lymphocytes, Cellular Microbiology, vol.24, issue.3, pp.482-496, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tips.2003.09.003

T. Rudel, O. Kepp, and V. Kozjak-pavlovic, Interactions between bacterial pathogens and mitochondrial cell death pathways, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.8, issue.10, pp.693-705, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2007.10.006

E. Naik and V. M. Dixit, Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species drive proinflammatory cytokine production: Figure 1., The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.208, issue.3, pp.417-420, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09663
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/208/3/417.full.pdf

S. Backert and N. Tegtmeyer, The Versatility of the Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin VacA in Signal Transduction and Molecular Crosstalk, Toxins, vol.284, issue.1, pp.69-92, 2010.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M806981200

V. R. Gupta, B. A. Wilson, and S. R. Blanke, Sphingomyelin is important for the cellular entry and intracellular localization of Helicobacter pylori VacA, Cellular Microbiology, vol.274, issue.10, pp.1517-1533, 2010.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.11.11.3897

M. E. Nakayama, VacA Activates the p38/Activating Transcription Factor 2-mediated Signal Pathway in AZ-521 Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.96, issue.8, pp.7024-7028, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03447.x

M. S. Mcclain, C. L. Shaffer, D. A. Israel, R. M. Peek, . Jr et al., Genome sequence analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains associated with gastric ulceration and gastric cancer, BMC Genomics, vol.10, issue.1, pp.1471-2164, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-10-3

S. L. Wen, F. Zhang, and S. Feng, Decreased copy number of mitochondrial DNA: A potential diagnostic criterion for gastric cancer, Oncol Lett, vol.6, pp.1098-1102, 2013.

V. Maximo, Microsatellite instability, mitochondrial DNA large deletions, and mitochondrial DNA mutations in gastric carcinoma, Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, vol.123, issue.2, pp.136-143, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.123.3191.309

B. Kern, ???VacA-containing vacuoles (VCVs), VacA intracellular trafficking and interference with calcium signalling in T lymphocytes, Cellular Microbiology, vol.281, issue.12, pp.1811-1832, 2015.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M509404200