Lithium-ion batteries Electrode Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Cycle performance Fe Silicon Graphite Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Impedance spectroscopy SOEC Lithium batteries Photovoltaics SOFC Supercapacitor Electrolytes Electrodes Microbatteries Lithium-ion battery Intercalation Organic battery Lithium ion batteries Anode Coating Aqueous electrolyte Electrochemical electrodes Anodes Lithium ion battery XPS Li-ion batteries Graphene Positive electrode NMR Perovskite Organic electrode materials Nickel oxide Microdevice Redox-active amine Ionic liquid electrolytes Degradation Electrochemical capacitors Electrochemical performance Failure mechanism Electrode material MAS NMR MnO2 Pseudocapacitance Diazonium chemistry FeWO 4 Electrolyte Raman spectroscopy EIS Fermi contact Diazonium Binder Electrical conductivity Current collector Ionic liquid Micro-supercapacitors Sputtering Electrochemical capacitor Titanium nitride Microstructure CO2 electrolysis Li-ion battery Transition metals Cycling stability Crystal structure GGA+U Supercapacitors Exsolution Plasma DFT calculations Operando Diazonium salts Capacitance Activated carbon DFT Batteries Fuel cell Micro-supercapacitor Thin films FIB/SEM Organic batteries Grafting Power performance LiFePO4 Energy storage Manganese dioxide Porous silicon Lithium battery Ionogels Electrochemistry Cyclic voltammetry CVD Negative electrode Vanadium nitride Ionic conductivity Chemical vapor deposition Magnetron sputtering Interface